An apparatus for reducing the size of a solid material into smaller particles having an implosion chamber for containing the solid material and creating turbulence and ultrasonic soundwaves. The soundwaves generated by a flail propeller bounce off the chamber walls to create sound frequencies causing the expansion of moisture particles in the solid material leading to implosion of moisture particles within the solid material. The implosion thereby results in reducing the size of solid material, wherein a separating section that receives the smaller material from the implosion chamber channels the coarser particles back into the chamber to go through additional disintegration process. The rotation of the flail propeller within the chamber causes the moisture particles of the solid material to oscillate at high frequency and expansion that disintegrates the solid material. During this process, the moisture content is converted into vapor.

A dryer (100), comprising a dryer chamber (101) coupled to a closed loop gas-circulating system for circulating gas through the dryer chamber (101); wherein the closed loop gas-circulating system recirculates the gas and comprises: a compressor (113) coupled to receive return gas from the dryer chamber (101) and to compress the return gas to provide compressed gas; a separator (109) sitting in the gas-circulating system for draining condensate from the gas; and a gas discharger (103; 104) coupled to receive compressed gas from the compressor (113) and to discharge the compressed gas through a discharger exit (118). The separator sits in the closed loop gas-circulating system downstream of the compressor to receive compressed gas and upstream of the gas discharger (103;104). Thereby drying efficacy is improved and is advantageous at relatively low drying temperatures such as below 40 degrees Celsius. There is also provided a door for a dryer, a method of operating a dryer and a method of drying, such as a method of drying pharmaceutical substances, compounds, ingredients or products.

A dryer (100), comprising a dryer chamber (101) coupled to a closed loop gas-circulating system for circulating gas through the dryer chamber (101); wherein the closed loop gas-circulating system recirculates the gas and comprises: a compressor (113) coupled to receive return gas from the dryer chamber (101) and to compress the return gas to provide compressed gas; a separator (109) sitting in the gas-circulating system for draining condensate from the gas; and a gas discharger (103; 104) coupled to receive compressed gas from the compressor (113) and to discharge the compressed gas through a discharger exit (118). The separator sits in the closed loop gas-circulating system downstream of the compressor to receive compressed gas and upstream of the gas discharger (103;104). Thereby drying efficacy is improved and is advantageous at relatively low drying temperatures such as below 40 degrees Celsius. There is also provided a door for a dryer, a method of operating a dryer and a method of drying, such as a method of drying pharmaceutical substances, compounds, ingredients or products.

The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for removing water from a wet fibrous web. During the process of making a fibrous structure, a capillary dewatering apparatus remove water from a wet porous web. In some configurations, a capillary dewatering apparatus may include a capillary porous media. A molding member, such as a papermaking belt comprising an air permeable fabric, may advance the wet fibrous web onto the capillary porous media, wherein the fibrous web is positioned between the capillary porous media and the air-permeable fabric. An energy transfer surface may be positioned in contact with the air-permeable fabric or the outer circumferential surface, wherein the energy transfer surface operates to vibrate the capillary porous media. In turn, the vibration helps to drive water through the capillary porous media, allowing additional water to flow from the fibrous web and through pores in the capillary porous media.

The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for removing water from a wet fibrous web. During the process of making a fibrous structure, a capillary dewatering apparatus remove water from a wet porous web. In some configurations, a capillary dewatering apparatus may include a capillary porous media. A molding member, such as a papermaking belt comprising an air permeable fabric, may advance the wet fibrous web onto the capillary porous media, wherein the fibrous web is positioned between the capillary porous media and the air-permeable fabric. An energy transfer surface may be positioned in contact with the air-permeable fabric or the outer circumferential surface, wherein the energy transfer surface operates to vibrate the capillary porous media. In turn, the vibration helps to drive water through the capillary porous media, allowing additional water to flow from the fibrous web and through pores in the capillary porous media.

For surface wetting control, an apparatus can expel fluid from a droplet on a surface using a transducer mechanically coupled to the surface. A first area of the surface can have a first wettability for the fluid, and a second area of the surface can have a second wettability for the fluid. The first wettability of the first area of the surface can be greater than the second wettability of the second area of the surface. The first area and the second area can have a patterned arrangement.

There is disclosed an apparatus 100 for reducing the size of a solid material into smaller particles including powder form comprising: an implosion chamber 3 for containing the solid material; and adapted for creating turbulence and ultrasonic soundwaves that bounce off the chamber walls at different angles to create sound frequencies of varying patterns; causing the expansion of moisture particles in the solid material leading to implosion of moisture particles within the solid material. The implosion thereby results to cavitation and reducing the size of solid material within the chamber 3 into smaller particles; a separating section A for separating the particles based on sizes; and channelling the coarser particles into the chamber to go through additional disintegration process; the implosion chamber 3 comprises a conical member 14, a static propeller 9 attached to at least one surface of the chamber 3 and a flail propeller 13 rotatably below the conical member 14 and static propeller 9; the flail propeller 13 and the conical member 14 being connected to an axis within the chamber 3. The rotation of the flail propeller 13 within the chamber 3 generating ultrasonic soundwaves that causes the moisture particles of the solid material to oscillate at high frequency and expansion that disintegrates the solid material. During this process, the moisture content is converted into vapour.

There is disclosed an apparatus 100 for reducing the size of a solid material into smaller particles including powder form comprising: an implosion chamber 3 for containing the solid material; and adapted for creating turbulence and ultrasonic soundwaves that bounce off the chamber walls at different angles to create sound frequencies of varying patterns; causing the expansion of moisture particles in the solid material leading to implosion of moisture particles within the solid material. The implosion thereby results to cavitation and reducing the size of solid material within the chamber 3 into smaller particles; a separating section A for separating the particles based on sizes; and channelling the coarser particles into the chamber to go through additional disintegration process; the implosion chamber 3 comprises a conical member 14, a static propeller 9 attached to at least one surface of the chamber 3 and a flail propeller 13 rotatably below the conical member 14 and static propeller 9; the flail propeller 13 and the conical member 14 being connected to an axis within the chamber 3. The rotation of the flail propeller 13 within the chamber 3 generating ultrasonic soundwaves that causes the moisture particles of the solid material to oscillate at high frequency and expansion that disintegrates the solid material. During this process, the moisture content is converted into vapour.

A drying apparatus can include, in some aspects, an ultrasonic transducer and an infrared heater positioned proximate to the ultrasonic transducer and configured to emit infrared light. The drying apparatus can include a plurality of ultrasonic transducers. The drying apparatus can include a delivery enclosure defining a bottom wall, the bottom wall defining a plurality of air outlets; the ultrasonic transducer mounted to the delivery enclosure; and the drying apparatus can include an air mover mounted to the delivery enclosure.

A drying apparatus can include, in some aspects, an ultrasonic transducer and an infrared heater positioned proximate to the ultrasonic transducer and configured to emit infrared light. The drying apparatus can include a plurality of ultrasonic transducers. The drying apparatus can include a delivery enclosure defining a bottom wall, the bottom wall defining a plurality of air outlets; the ultrasonic transducer mounted to the delivery enclosure; and the drying apparatus can include an air mover mounted to the delivery enclosure.