A nozzle assembly includes a nozzle, a manifold, and wand body. The nozzle, manifold, and wand body can be coupled together to provide a robust spray drying system that can withstand elevated temperature and/or pressure feed stock. In some embodiments, an internal shoulder portion of the manifold can engage with a side of a nozzle collar to restrict distal movement of the nozzle relative to the manifold.

A method for treating a substrate is provided. The method includes the following steps: performing a process of treating the substrate by dispensing a supercritical fluid onto the substrate. A treating fluid flows through a treating fluid supplying regulator regulating an amount of the treating fluid before dispensed onto the substrate. The treating fluid is heated to a set temperature or more by a first heater before passing through the treating fluid supplying regulator, and the treating fluid is heated by a second heater when the treating fluid is passed through the treating fluid supplying regulator. The temperature of the treating fluid is lowered in rear region of the treating fluid supplying regulator. The set temperature is a temperature that allows the lowered temperature to be maintained at a critical temperature or more.

A method for treating a substrate is provided. The method includes the following steps: performing a process of treating the substrate by dispensing a supercritical fluid onto the substrate. A treating fluid flows through a treating fluid supplying regulator regulating an amount of the treating fluid before dispensed onto the substrate. The treating fluid is heated to a set temperature or more by a first heater before passing through the treating fluid supplying regulator, and the treating fluid is heated by a second heater when the treating fluid is passed through the treating fluid supplying regulator. The temperature of the treating fluid is lowered in rear region of the treating fluid supplying regulator. The set temperature is a temperature that allows the lowered temperature to be maintained at a critical temperature or more.

Disclosed are methods for critical point drying a composite material. After exposing the composite material to a supercritical fluid, the composite material dries as the supercritical fluid evaporates with reduced pressure. The composite materials are useful as chromatographic separation media.

Disclosed are methods for critical point drying a composite material. After exposing the composite material to a supercritical fluid, the composite material dries as the supercritical fluid evaporates with reduced pressure. The composite materials are useful as chromatographic separation media.

Provided is a loading tray assembly for housing a lyophilization container and a related system and method. The loading tray assembly includes a chassis including a contact void configured to facilitate direct contact between the attached lyophilization container and a lyophilizer shelf. The method includes securing a multi-part lyophilization container including a peelable seal on a lyophilization loading tray assembly, inputting a liquid into a non-breathable section of the lyophilization container, loading the tray assembly into a lyophilizer, freezing the liquid, applying heat energy and a vacuum, the vacuum causing an opening of the peelable seal and occluding the lyophilization container to isolate the frozen liquid.

Provided is a loading tray assembly for housing a lyophilization container and a related system and method. The loading tray assembly includes a chassis including a contact void configured to facilitate direct contact between the attached lyophilization container and a lyophilizer shelf. The method includes securing a multi-part lyophilization container including a peelable seal on a lyophilization loading tray assembly, inputting a liquid into a non-breathable section of the lyophilization container, loading the tray assembly into a lyophilizer, freezing the liquid, applying heat energy and a vacuum, the vacuum causing an opening of the peelable seal and occluding the lyophilization container to isolate the frozen liquid.

The invention relates to a drying method for polyglycollide warp-knitted support meshes for artificial skin, specifically comprising: pre-drying, deep drying, and fabric stress relaxation, which are performed sequentially. The drying method can completely remove water in polyglycollide warp-knitted support meshes as well as solvents left during the cleaning process, and can effectively maintain the properties such as tensile strength, pore size, and weight of the polyglycollide warp-knitted support meshes, thus being of great significance for the application of the polyglycollide warp-knitted support meshes in the field of medical artificial skin.

Disclosed is a reactor and method for thermochemically degrading wet biomass without the need for prior drying, in particular microalga-rich substrates. The invention provides a vertical continuous multiphase reactor (VCMR) that simultaneously, progressively and continuously carries out the steps of evaporation, pyrolysis, gasification and combustion, in separate chambers, using indirect heating. The reactor operates at pressures below atmospheric pressure to increase thermal and productive efficiency, using a fraction of the same products as fuel to achieve thermal self-sufficiency. A system for instant evaporation at low temperature by means of adiabatic expansion is used. The reactor has high efficiency and high yield, requiring minimum space, and can be movable. The products obtained from the reactor are synthesis gas, biocarbon and bio-oils, with uses in energy, agriculture, cosmetics, health and construction. The invention also provides a method for obtaining hydrocarbons and energy from high-moisture biomass, wherein the steps are carried out continuously and the method does not need to be interrupted to add new wet biomass for conversion.

A fluid discharging nozzle cleaning apparatus includes: a cup in which an inner space, an upper opening which is open to allow a fluid discharging nozzle to enter the inner space, and a lower opening through which a cleaning liquid is discharged from the inner space to an outside are formed; a cleaning liquid discharger configured to discharge the cleaning liquid to the fluid discharging nozzle in a state in which the fluid discharging nozzle is positioned in the inner space of the cup; and a drying gas discharger configured to discharge a drying gas for drying the fluid discharging nozzle after the discharge of the cleaning liquid ends.