A system for conditioning stucco particulate material includes a vessel having separation chamber in communication with a holding chamber having a holding volume therein. The conditioning system includes the holding volume sufficient to condition the stucco particulate material therein and/or a control system configured to delay discharge of the stucco particulate material from the holding chamber. The system for conditioning stucco particulate material is configured to increase residence time of the stucco particulate material in the holding chamber to promote calcining conditioning therein.

A method for reducing molten raw materials, includes placing the raw materials, in a solid or molten state, on an inductively heated bed with coke pieces. The reduced melt that runs off the coke bed is collected and the waste gases are discharged. A coke bed is inwardly limited by a tube-shaped element through which the reaction gases are drawn off via a plurality of draw-off openings in the tube-shaped element. The corresponding device has a reactor for a bed with coke pieces and an induction heater with at least one induction coil. The reactor has a loading opening and a discharge opening for the treated melt. The coke bed is ring-shaped around a tube-shaped element. The material of the tube-shaped element allows inductive coupling to the induction field of the induction coil and it has draw-off openings for drawing off reaction gases from the coke bed.

A method for reducing molten raw materials, includes placing the raw materials, in a solid or molten state, on an inductively heated bed with coke pieces. The reduced melt that runs off the coke bed is collected and the waste gases are discharged. A coke bed is inwardly limited by a tube-shaped element through which the reaction gases are drawn off via a plurality of draw-off openings in the tube-shaped element. The corresponding device has a reactor for a bed with coke pieces and an induction heater with at least one induction coil. The reactor has a loading opening and a discharge opening for the treated melt. The coke bed is ring-shaped around a tube-shaped element. The material of the tube-shaped element allows inductive coupling to the induction field of the induction coil and it has draw-off openings for drawing off reaction gases from the coke bed.

Provided are a heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous grains and a method therefor allowing drifts and internal clogging in a direct energizing furnace to not occur, allowing heat treatment of the carbonaceous grains to be continued uniformly at high temperatures for a prolonged period of time, and allowing productivity and workability to be improved. A conductive tubular structure 14 is electrically connected to an upper part of a lower electrode 13 in a manner of surrounding an upper electrode 12. The rate of change between the specific electrical resistivity of grains when grains are lightly filled and the specific electrical resistivity of grains when the grains are tap filled is defined (1-tap filling/lightly filling)×100, and the rate of change is equal to less than 70%.

Provided are a heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous grains and a method therefor allowing drifts and internal clogging in a direct energizing furnace to not occur, allowing heat treatment of the carbonaceous grains to be continued uniformly at high temperatures for a prolonged period of time, and allowing productivity and workability to be improved. A conductive tubular structure 14 is electrically connected to an upper part of a lower electrode 13 in a manner of surrounding an upper electrode 12. The rate of change between the specific electrical resistivity of grains when grains are lightly filled and the specific electrical resistivity of grains when the grains are tap filled is defined (1-tap filling/lightly filling)×100, and the rate of change is equal to less than 70%.

Systems and methods for drawing high aspect ratio metallic glass-based materials are provided. Methods of drawing a high aspect ratio metallic glass-based material are premised on stably drawing high aspect ratio metallic glass-based material from a preform metallic glass-based composition, accounting for the relationships between: the desired formation of an amorphous structure that is substantially homogenous along the majority of the length of the drawn high aspect ratio material; the desired final geometry of the drawn high aspect ratio material; the nature of the force that is used to draw the molten metallic glass-based composition; the velocity at which the high aspect ratio material is drawn; the viscosity profile of the material along its length as it is being drawn; and/or the effect of temperature on the metallic glass-based material. A precise thermal treatment is imposed along the forming length of the drawn material so as to enable a steady state drawing process, the precise thermal treatment being based on: the desire to develop a substantially same amorphous structure along the length of the drawn material; the desired final geometry for the drawn material; the nature of the force used to draw the material; the velocity at which the material is being drawn; and/or the thermal treatment's impact on the viscosity profile of the material along its length as it is being drawn.

A multi-chamber melting furnace for melting scrap of non-ferrous metals, in particular aluminum scrap, including a first shaft furnace with a shaft for charge material, in which impurities of the charge material can be removed, and at least one furnace chamber which is connected to the shaft of the first shaft furnace and has a first heat supply device, wherein at least one second shaft furnace with a shaft for charge material, in which shaft impurities of the charge material can be removed, the furnace chamber being connected to the shaft of the second shaft furnace and being arranged between the shafts in such a manner that the furnace chamber forms a main melting chamber in which the molten bath is located during operation.

A multi-chamber melting furnace for melting scrap of non-ferrous metals, in particular aluminum scrap, including a first shaft furnace with a shaft for charge material, in which impurities of the charge material can be removed, and at least one furnace chamber which is connected to the shaft of the first shaft furnace and has a first heat supply device, wherein at least one second shaft furnace with a shaft for charge material, in which shaft impurities of the charge material can be removed, the furnace chamber being connected to the shaft of the second shaft furnace and being arranged between the shafts in such a manner that the furnace chamber forms a main melting chamber in which the molten bath is located during operation.

An apparatus for production of burnt lime or dolomite has: a shaft furnace having a preheating zone, a reaction zone, a separation zone and a cooling zone; a first feed apparatus for CO.sub.2 at the boundary of the separation zone to the reaction zone; a first removal apparatus at the boundary of the cooling zone to the separation zone; a second removal apparatus for CO.sub.2 at the start of the preheating zone; and at least one heating apparatus, wherein the heating apparatus has a regenerator system.

The regenerator system has at least two regenerators, a preheater, a feed for fuel and a feed for fresh air; the second removal apparatus opens into the at least one heating apparatus; and the first feed apparatus is formed by the at least one heating apparatus for the shaft furnace.

An apparatus for production of burnt lime or dolomite has: a shaft furnace having a preheating zone, a reaction zone, a separation zone and a cooling zone; a first feed apparatus for CO.sub.2 at the boundary of the separation zone to the reaction zone; a first removal apparatus at the boundary of the cooling zone to the separation zone; a second removal apparatus for CO.sub.2 at the start of the preheating zone; and at least one heating apparatus, wherein the heating apparatus has a regenerator system.

The regenerator system has at least two regenerators, a preheater, a feed for fuel and a feed for fresh air; the second removal apparatus opens into the at least one heating apparatus; and the first feed apparatus is formed by the at least one heating apparatus for the shaft furnace.