Systems for dehydrogenating an alkane are provided. An exemplary system includes a furnace and further includes alkane heating chambers, regeneration mixture heating chambers, and two groups of reaction chambers, all located within the furnace. The alkane heating chambers and regeneration mixture heating chambers can preheat an alkane feed and a regeneration mixture feed, respectively. The two groups of reaction chambers can be switchably coupled to an alkane feed and a regeneration mixture feed such that an alkane can flow through one group of reaction chambers while a regeneration mixture flows through the other group of reaction chambers. Processes for dehydrogenating an alkane are also provided.

The present application relates to a burner for a shaft melting furnace, in particular for a copper shaft melting furnace, comprising a first chamber with an inlet opening, via which an oxygen-containing gas can be supplied to the burner, and an outlet opening, which is arranged at a distal end of a conically tapering sub-portion of the first chamber; a second chamber, which is connected to the conical sub-portion of the first chamber and which has a burner nozzle; a combustion gas line, which opens into the first chamber and via which a combustion gas can be supplied to the burner; and a mixing nozzle, which is arranged in the outlet opening of the first chamber and which has a mixing chamber via which the oxygen-containing gas and the combustion gas can be mixed to form a combustion gas mixture.

The present application relates to a burner for a shaft melting furnace, in particular for a copper shaft melting furnace, comprising a first chamber with an inlet opening, via which an oxygen-containing gas can be supplied to the burner, and an outlet opening, which is arranged at a distal end of a conically tapering sub-portion of the first chamber; a second chamber, which is connected to the conical sub-portion of the first chamber and which has a burner nozzle; a combustion gas line, which opens into the first chamber and via which a combustion gas can be supplied to the burner; and a mixing nozzle, which is arranged in the outlet opening of the first chamber and which has a mixing chamber via which the oxygen-containing gas and the combustion gas can be mixed to form a combustion gas mixture.

A horizontal heat treatment device continuously subjects an untreated continuous flat object to heat treatment while horizontally transferring the untreated object within a heat treatment chamber. Seal chambers are interconnected to the untreated-object loading opening and treated-object unloading opening of the heat treatment chamber. A passage is connected to an opening of each of the seal chambers, the opening located on the side opposite the heat treatment chamber. The untreated-object passage loading opening interconnected to the untreated-object seal chamber loading opening and the treated-object passage unloading opening interconnected to the treated-object seal chamber unloading opening are the untreated-object loading opening and treated-object unloading opening of the heat treatment device. A pair of gas ejection nozzles are provided at upper and lower positions of the passages. The nozzles eject gas in specific directions, and the nozzle openings have a specific shape, a direction, and a length.

A horizontal heat treatment device continuously subjects an untreated continuous flat object to heat treatment while horizontally transferring the untreated object within a heat treatment chamber. Seal chambers are interconnected to the untreated-object loading opening and treated-object unloading opening of the heat treatment chamber. A passage is connected to an opening of each of the seal chambers, the opening located on the side opposite the heat treatment chamber. The untreated-object passage loading opening interconnected to the untreated-object seal chamber loading opening and the treated-object passage unloading opening interconnected to the treated-object seal chamber unloading opening are the untreated-object loading opening and treated-object unloading opening of the heat treatment device. A pair of gas ejection nozzles are provided at upper and lower positions of the passages. The nozzles eject gas in specific directions, and the nozzle openings have a specific shape, a direction, and a length.

A method for producing high carbon content metallic iron using coke oven gas, including: dividing a top gas stream from a direct reduction shaft furnace into a first top gas stream and a second top gas stream; mixing the first top gas stream with a coke oven gas stream from a coke oven gas source and processing at least a portion of a resulting combined coke oven gas stream in a carbon dioxide separation unit to form a synthesis gas-rich gas stream and a carbon-dioxide rich gas stream; delivering the synthesis gas-rich gas stream to the direct reduction shaft furnace as bustle gas; using the carbon-dioxide rich gas stream as fuel gas in one or more heating units; and delivering the second top gas stream to the direct reduction shaft furnace as bustle gas.

A method for producing high carbon content metallic iron using coke oven gas, including: dividing a top gas stream from a direct reduction shaft furnace into a first top gas stream and a second top gas stream; mixing the first top gas stream with a coke oven gas stream from a coke oven gas source and processing at least a portion of a resulting combined coke oven gas stream in a carbon dioxide separation unit to form a synthesis gas-rich gas stream and a carbon-dioxide rich gas stream; delivering the synthesis gas-rich gas stream to the direct reduction shaft furnace as bustle gas; using the carbon-dioxide rich gas stream as fuel gas in one or more heating units; and delivering the second top gas stream to the direct reduction shaft furnace as bustle gas.

Provided are a heat treatment apparatus for carbonaceous grains and a method therefor allowing drifts and internal clogging in a direct energizing furnace to not occur, allowing heat treatment of the carbonaceous grains to be continued uniformly at high temperatures for a prolonged period of time, and allowing productivity and workability to be improved. A conductive tubular structure 14 is electrically connected to an upper part of a lower electrode 13 in a manner of surrounding an upper electrode 12. The rate of change between the specific electrical resistivity of grains when grains are lightly filled and the specific electrical resistivity of grains when the grains are tap filled is defined (1-tap filling/lightly filling)100, and the rate of change is equal to less than 70%.

A method for recovery of evaporable substances comprises melting (210) of a material comprising evaporable metals and/or evaporable metal compounds into a molten slag. The molten slag is agitated (212) by a submerged jet of hot gas. The hot gas is controlled (214) to have an enthalpy of at least 200 MJ/kmol, and preferably at least 300 MJ/kmol. At least a part of the evaporable metals and/or evaporable metal compounds are fumed off (216) from the molten slag. An arrangement for the method is based on a furnace with a plasma torch submerged into molten slag in the furnace.

Methods of maximizing mixing and melting in a submerged combustion melter (SCM) are described. One method includes melting an inorganic feedstock in an SCM using an arrangement of two or more submerged combustion (SC) burners, the SCM having a length (L) and a width (W), a centerline (C), a north side (N) and a south side (S), and operating the arrangement of SC burners such that a progressively higher percentage of a total combustion flow from the SC burners occurs from SC burners at progressively downstream positions in the SCM. Other methods include operating the N and S SC burners with more combustion flow than the central burners. Other methods include strategic placement of fuel lean SC burners and fuel rich SC burners.