There are provided processes for producing liquid fuels from a mainly organic starting material with a reduced content in water and/or with a reduced content in solids. The mainly organic starting material can be at least partially liquified and optionally further dewatered. The obtained at least partially liquid fraction can be thereafter used as feeding stream that is submitted to a pyrolysis treatment resulting in a solid gas fraction allowing the recovering of a liquid fuels after a controlled liquid solid separation treatment. There are also provided various other processes for producing liquid fuel from waste hydrocarbon and/or organic material as well as reactors, apparatuses, uses and managing systems thereof.

There are provided processes for producing liquid fuels from a mainly organic starting material with a reduced content in water and/or with a reduced content in solids. The mainly organic starting material can be at least partially liquified and optionally further dewatered. The obtained at least partially liquid fraction can be thereafter used as feeding stream that is submitted to a pyrolysis treatment resulting in a solid gas fraction allowing the recovering of a liquid fuels after a controlled liquid solid separation treatment. There are also provided various other processes for producing liquid fuel from waste hydrocarbon and/or organic material as well as reactors, apparatuses, uses and managing systems thereof.

A porous and easy water soluble amorphous silica which does not contain tar, crystal, residual agrichemicals, and carcinogens, and method and apparatus to produce same, by using only one burning treatment from a plant including abundant silica, including a method of manufacturing the amorphous silica wherein rice family plants are burned while stirring and introducing into the furnace an atmospheric gas having a mass of 6.7 or more and 20 or less of the weight of the rice family plants, or oxygen gas having a weight of 1.4 or more and 4 or less with respect to the weight of the rice family plants, and at the same time as burning, combustion gas generated at the time of combustion is discharged.

A porous and easy water soluble amorphous silica which does not contain tar, crystal, residual agrichemicals, and carcinogens, and method and apparatus to produce same, by using only one burning treatment from a plant including abundant silica, including a method of manufacturing the amorphous silica wherein rice family plants are burned while stirring and introducing into the furnace an atmospheric gas having a mass of 6.7 or more and 20 or less of the weight of the rice family plants, or oxygen gas having a weight of 1.4 or more and 4 or less with respect to the weight of the rice family plants, and at the same time as burning, combustion gas generated at the time of combustion is discharged.

The object of the present invention is to improve production efficiency of lithium hydroxide anhydride in a method for producing lithium hydroxide anhydride from lithium hydroxide hydrate by using a rotary kiln. The method for producing lithium hydroxide anhydride comprises steps of: supplying the lithium hydroxide hydrate to a region between a heating part which is the part of the furnace core tube surrounded by the heating furnace and one end of the furnace core tube; delivering the supplied lithium hydroxide hydrate toward the other end of the furnace core tube; feeding a drying gas with a temperature of 100 C. or higher to the region between the one end and the heating part of the furnace core tube, when the lithium hydroxide hydrate is supplied; and heating and dehydrating the lithium hydroxide hydrate by the heating furnace which is set to 230-450 C. during the lithium hydroxide delivering step, to form lithium hydroxide anhydride.

The object of the present invention is to improve production efficiency of lithium hydroxide anhydride in a method for producing lithium hydroxide anhydride from lithium hydroxide hydrate by using a rotary kiln. The method for producing lithium hydroxide anhydride comprises steps of: supplying the lithium hydroxide hydrate to a region between a heating part which is the part of the furnace core tube surrounded by the heating furnace and one end of the furnace core tube; delivering the supplied lithium hydroxide hydrate toward the other end of the furnace core tube; feeding a drying gas with a temperature of 100 C. or higher to the region between the one end and the heating part of the furnace core tube, when the lithium hydroxide hydrate is supplied; and heating and dehydrating the lithium hydroxide hydrate by the heating furnace which is set to 230-450 C. during the lithium hydroxide delivering step, to form lithium hydroxide anhydride.

Dust Da containing zinc and iron is charged in a rotative cylindrical kiln base body 11 of an indirect-heating rotary kiln 10 and is subjected to heat treatment in the kiln base body so that zinc contained in the dust is volatilized. The volatilized zinc is guided to a treatment device 30 through an exhaust pipe 31 disposed at a discharge part 16 of the rotary kiln and is recovered. A residue Db resulting from the treatment in the kiln base body is transferred from a residue outlet 16b disposed at the discharge part 16 of the rotary kiln to a burner device 40, in which the residue is combusted and heated.

Dust Da containing zinc and iron is charged in a rotative cylindrical kiln base body 11 of an indirect-heating rotary kiln 10 and is subjected to heat treatment in the kiln base body so that zinc contained in the dust is volatilized. The volatilized zinc is guided to a treatment device 30 through an exhaust pipe 31 disposed at a discharge part 16 of the rotary kiln and is recovered. A residue Db resulting from the treatment in the kiln base body is transferred from a residue outlet 16b disposed at the discharge part 16 of the rotary kiln to a burner device 40, in which the residue is combusted and heated.

Provided is an externally heated carbonization furnace that includes a plurality of rotary kilns connected in series, each of which includes an outer cylinder, a kiln inner cylinder that rotate relative to the outer cylinder, and a heater that supplies heating gas to a section between the outer cylinder and the kiln inner cylinder. The externally heated carbonization furnace further includes a drive device that rotates at least one of the kiln inner cylinders and the kiln inner cylinder different from the at least one of the kiln inner cylinders and a control device that controls the drive device according to moisture content of a treated object in the kiln inner cylinder.

Provided is an externally heated carbonization furnace that includes a plurality of rotary kilns connected in series, each of which includes an outer cylinder, a kiln inner cylinder that rotate relative to the outer cylinder, and a heater that supplies heating gas to a section between the outer cylinder and the kiln inner cylinder. The externally heated carbonization furnace further includes a drive device that rotates at least one of the kiln inner cylinders and the kiln inner cylinder different from the at least one of the kiln inner cylinders and a control device that controls the drive device according to moisture content of a treated object in the kiln inner cylinder.