Systems and methods for processing a waste stream for feeding into a thermal unit performing an airless or oxygen starved incineration process like pyrolysis. Embodiments comprise an inlet hopper for receiving a waste stream, an inlet hopper lid, a slide gate that when closed forms the base of the inlet hopper and when open allows the waste stream to pass into an intermediate hopper, a ram body that when closed forms the base of the intermediate hopper and when open allows the waste stream to pass into a ram cylinder, a crusher plate on the front face of the ram body, a ram for driving the ram body and its crusher plate forward into the waste within the cylinder, a compactor cone comprising teeth for splitting, and an outlet through which the crushed and split waste stream exits the system into a thermal unit.

A porous and easy water soluble amorphous silica which does not contain tar, crystal, residual agrichemicals, and carcinogens, and method and apparatus to produce same, by using only one burning treatment from a plant including abundant silica, including a method of manufacturing the amorphous silica wherein rice family plants are burned while stirring and introducing into the furnace an atmospheric gas having a mass of 6.7 or more and 20 or less of the weight of the rice family plants, or oxygen gas having a weight of 1.4 or more and 4 or less with respect to the weight of the rice family plants, and at the same time as burning, combustion gas generated at the time of combustion is discharged.

A porous and easy water soluble amorphous silica which does not contain tar, crystal, residual agrichemicals, and carcinogens, and method and apparatus to produce same, by using only one burning treatment from a plant including abundant silica, including a method of manufacturing the amorphous silica wherein rice family plants are burned while stirring and introducing into the furnace an atmospheric gas having a mass of 6.7 or more and 20 or less of the weight of the rice family plants, or oxygen gas having a weight of 1.4 or more and 4 or less with respect to the weight of the rice family plants, and at the same time as burning, combustion gas generated at the time of combustion is discharged.

A process and an apparatus are disclosed for improved recovery of metal from hot and cold dross, wherein a dross-treating furnace is provided with a filling material with good capacity to store heat. This filling material is preheated to a desired temperature by injection of an oxidizing gas to burn non-recoverable metal remaining in the filling material after tapping of the recoverable metal contained in the dross and discharging of the treatment residue. When dross is treated in such furnace, the heat emanating by conduction from the filling material is sufficient to melt and separate the recoverable metal contained in the dross, without addition of an external heat source, such as fuel or gas burners, plasma torches or electric arcs and without use of any salt fluxes. Furthermore, the recovered metal being in the molten state can be fed to the molten metal holding furnace without cooling the melt; in addition, the non-use of fluxing salt for the treatment means that the non-contaminated residue can be used as a cover for the electrolytic cells in the case of aluminum. In the case of zinc dross, the residue is a valuable zinc oxide by-product very low in contaminants.

In the disclosed solution sand to be cleaned is thermally cleaned by rotating the sand being cleaned in a large oven (1) by rotating the oven (1). Before cleaning, the sand may be pre-processed by crushing any lumps and cleaning the sand fraction by magnetic separation. Preprocessed sand to be cleaned and heat energy are fed (5) into the rotating oven. The oven (1) is set slightly inclined so that a second end of the oven (1) is lower than a first end. The inclination and rotating speed of the oven (1) as well as the feed amount of sand are adjusted, whereby the advancing speed of the sand may be adjusted, as well as the ratio of the sand being cleaned to the volume of the oven (1) kept as desired. The temperature of the oven (1) is monitored at the coldest area of the oven, which is substantially at the second end of the oven. The temperature of the oven (1) is adjusted by adjusting the amount of heat energy fed in. By means of temperature monitoring and knowing the advancing speed of the sand, it is also possible to determine the average temperature of the sand and adjust it as desired by adjusting the supplied heat energy. Finally, the cleaned sand is let run (12) from the second end of the oven (1).

In the disclosed solution sand to be cleaned is thermally cleaned by rotating the sand being cleaned in a large oven (1) by rotating the oven (1). Before cleaning, the sand may be pre-processed by crushing any lumps and cleaning the sand fraction by magnetic separation. Preprocessed sand to be cleaned and heat energy are fed (5) into the rotating oven. The oven (1) is set slightly inclined so that a second end of the oven (1) is lower than a first end. The inclination and rotating speed of the oven (1) as well as the feed amount of sand are adjusted, whereby the advancing speed of the sand may be adjusted, as well as the ratio of the sand being cleaned to the volume of the oven (1) kept as desired. The temperature of the oven (1) is monitored at the coldest area of the oven, which is substantially at the second end of the oven. The temperature of the oven (1) is adjusted by adjusting the amount of heat energy fed in. By means of temperature monitoring and knowing the advancing speed of the sand, it is also possible to determine the average temperature of the sand and adjust it as desired by adjusting the supplied heat energy. Finally, the cleaned sand is let run (12) from the second end of the oven (1).

The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes: injecting a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide and a carbon raw material into a rotary heating furnace; reacting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material with each other in the rotary heating furnace to generate a hydrocarbon precursor containing carbon monoxide; and converting the hydrocarbon precursor into a hydrocarbon compound, thereby exhibiting excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide.

The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes: injecting a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide and a carbon raw material into a rotary heating furnace; reacting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material with each other in the rotary heating furnace to generate a hydrocarbon precursor containing carbon monoxide; and converting the hydrocarbon precursor into a hydrocarbon compound, thereby exhibiting excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide.

In a method of manufacturing metal powders in a continuous type, metal is heated at a temperature greater than a melting point to form a liquid phase metal, and the liquid phase metal and an emulsion carrier, which is emulsified without reacting with the liquid phase metal, are supplied into a container, and the liquid phase metal and the emulsion carrier are emulsified through Taylor flow to form an emulsion solution. The emulsion solution is discharged from the container, and then, the emulsion solution is cooled at a temperature smaller than the melting point to selectively solidifying the liquid phase metal in the emulsion solution to form the metal powders.

Systems and methods for efficiently performing rotary batch decoating can use time-offset batch reactors. A first batch reactor can operate out of phase with a second batch reactor, so that the burning of pyrolysis gases from the first reactor can be used to provide fuel to the incinerator used to heat the material in the second reactor. After the first reactor is dumped and filled with new material, the pyrolysis gases from the second reactor can be used to provide fuel to the incinerator, which heats the material in the first reactor.