Disclosed are an oxygen-enriched acid gas incinerator burner. A refractory lining is arranged on an inner wall of a housing. A rear part of an inner cavity of the housing is connected to a throat opening. A pure oxygen spray gun, an acid gas spray gun, and a fuel gas spray gun are arranged in a pipe-in-pipe structure from outside to inside. A rear part of the pure oxygen spray gun is fixed within the inner cavity. A front part of the acid gas spray gun is fixed through a flange at an outer end of the pure oxygen spray gun. A front part of the fuel gas spray gun is fixed through a flange at an outer end of the acid gas spray gun. A combustion-supporting air inlet is formed on the housing, and a lower part thereof is communicated with a gas collection chamber.

A method for protecting an inner wall (12) of a shaft furnace, the method comprising the steps of: providing at least one injection device (28) through the inner wall (12) of the shaft furnace, the injection device (28) being configured to inject protective material into the shaft furnace; and injecting on demand the protective material into the shaft furnace through the injection device (28), in such a manner that the protective material builds up to form a protection wall between the interior of the shaft furnace and the furnace wall (12).

A heat treatment apparatus includes: a heat treatment chamber that performs heating treatment for a treatment object thereinside; and a thermal insulator disposed inside the heat treatment chamber and surrounding a receiving area for the treatment object. The heat treatment chamber includes a side wall portion and a lid portion configured to be attachable to and detachable from the side wall portion. The thermal insulator includes a ceiling disposed on the inside of the lid portion. The ceiling includes a thermal insulator lid that is at least part of the ceiling and is united to the lid portion.

A castable refractory composition may include from 5% to 95% by weight of alumina, aluminosilicate, or mixtures thereof; from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight alkaline earth metal oxide and/or hydroxide, and 0.1% to 5% by weight of silica having a surface area of at least about 10 m.sup.2/g. The refractory composition may include no more than 0.5% by weight of cementitious binder. The refractory composition may release less than 25 cm.sup.3 of hydrogen gas per kilogram of castable refractory composition upon addition of water. The refractory compositions may set on addition of water.

The invention relates in general to sintering under pressure and with electrical current, often termed spark plasma sintering (SPS). Particular aspects of the invention are directed to a sintering device, a sintering process, a ceramic body product, an assembly comprising the ceramic body and the use of a graphite layer in a sintering process. The invention relates to a device having a sintering chamber, the sintering chamber being bordered by the following device parts: i. a first punch surface of a first punch; ii. a second punch surface of a second punch; and iii. an interior surface of a die; wherein: the punches are adapted and arranged to apply a pressure of at least 1 MPa along a compression axis to a target in the sintering chamber; the first punch and the second punch are connected to an electrical power source.

An insulating concrete shell made of refractory cast concrete or refractory tamped concrete for insulating uprights or supporting tubes in a walking beam furnace or pusher-type furnace. The insulating concrete shell is shell-shaped and has a sheet metal strip on the inner side at each end, with which the insulating concrete shell can be fastened to an upright or to a supporting tube. The two sheet metal strips are connected to each other by wires, whereby the two wires are completely embedded in the cast or tamped concrete. A method for manufacturing an insulating concrete shell is also disclosed.

A molten metal furnace in which molten metal leakage may be avoided or controlled and heat radiation from the furnace body may be controlled. The molten metal furnace has an outer wall on its outer periphery, a molten metal storage part for holding a molten metal therein, and an inner wall forming the molten metal storage part and having a plurality of lining layers, wherein a first lining layer of the plurality of lining layers, having a surface to be in contact with the molten metal, is formed of a refractory material, wherein a sealing material is provided along at least two boundaries present in a range between the first lining layer and the outer wall, and wherein a lining layer sandwiched between layers of the sealing material is formed of a thermal insulation board containing at least silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2).

This invention refers to a technically and economically viable process for recovery of relevant metallic and non-metallic contents from mining residues, particularly the bauxite residue, using it in its integral form. Such a process route uses energy from microwaves, assisted leaching and logic sequencing of steps that allow a technically and economically viable removal of components from the bauxite residue, particularly the residue from the Bayer process. The invention also refers to a microwave reactor that is appropriate for performing the above-mentioned process, as well as to a method for heating a mining product.