A system and method for plasma treatment comprises a radiofrequency chamber, a microwave source configured to provide energy to the radiofrequency chamber, a reaction chamber configured to accept a treatment flow, a plasma dispensation assembly configured in the reaction chamber, the plasma dispensation assembly being powered by energy from the radiofrequency chamber, and a collection chamber for collecting treated material from the reaction chamber. The systems and methods can be used for treatment of various treatment flows.

A method for heating ware in a kiln. The ware space of the kiln includes a plurality of temperature control zones oriented in a first direction, and a plurality of temperature control zones oriented in a second direction. The method includes heating the ware space in a first heating stage, a second heating stage, and a third heating stage. At least one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) in one of the heating stages, a temperature control zone oriented in the first direction has a setpoint temperature that is different from a setpoint temperature of one other temperature control zone oriented in the first direction; and (ii) in one of the heating stages, one temperature control zone oriented in the second direction has a setpoint temperature that is different from a setpoint temperature of one other temperature control zone oriented in the second direction.

A reducing gas injection system for a blast furnace having a blast furnace wall, the system including a reducing gas distribution pipe, one or more injectors mounted to the blast furnace wall at a shaft level, where the reducing gas distribution pipe is attached to the blast furnace wall or its supporting structure, where the injector(s) have a nozzle body with a peripheral wall extending along a longitudinal axis from a front portion, with at least one injection hole, to an opposite rear portion with an inlet port, where the nozzle body includes an inner gas channel for guiding reducing gas from the inlet port to the injection holes(s); where the nozzle body is mounted trough an aperture in the blast furnace wall in such a way that the front portion with the injection hole(s) is located on an inner side of the blast furnace, whereas the rear portion with the inlet port is outside of the blast furnace wall, where the nozzle body includes a peripheral mounting portion configured for connecting the injector in a gas tight manner to the aperture in the blast furnace wall, where the inlet port is in fluidic connection with the reducing gas distribution pipe by means of an injector stock, the injector stock including a feeding pipe connected to the reducing gas distribution pipe, an elbow connected to the feeding pipe and an injector pipe connected to the elbow, the injector pipe being flange mounted in a gas tight manner to the inlet port of the injector and the injector pipe and/or an outlet of the elbow having at least one cardan compensation joint.

A reducing gas injection system for a blast furnace having a blast furnace wall, the system including a reducing gas distribution pipe, one or more injectors mounted to the blast furnace wall at a shaft level, where the reducing gas distribution pipe is attached to the blast furnace wall or its supporting structure, where the injector(s) have a nozzle body with a peripheral wall extending along a longitudinal axis from a front portion, with at least one injection hole, to an opposite rear portion with an inlet port, where the nozzle body includes an inner gas channel for guiding reducing gas from the inlet port to the injection holes(s); where the nozzle body is mounted trough an aperture in the blast furnace wall in such a way that the front portion with the injection hole(s) is located on an inner side of the blast furnace, whereas the rear portion with the inlet port is outside of the blast furnace wall, where the nozzle body includes a peripheral mounting portion configured for connecting the injector in a gas tight manner to the aperture in the blast furnace wall, where the inlet port is in fluidic connection with the reducing gas distribution pipe by means of an injector stock, the injector stock including a feeding pipe connected to the reducing gas distribution pipe, an elbow connected to the feeding pipe and an injector pipe connected to the elbow, the injector pipe being flange mounted in a gas tight manner to the inlet port of the injector and the injector pipe and/or an outlet of the elbow having at least one cardan compensation joint.

Apparatus and methods to process one or more wafers are described. The apparatus comprises a chamber defining an upper interior region and a lower interior region. A heater assembly is on the bottom of the chamber body in the lower interior region and defines a process region. A wafer cassette assembly is inside the heater assembly and a motor is configured to move the wafer cassette assembly from the lower process region inside the heater assembly to the upper interior region.

Apparatus and methods to process one or more wafers are described. The apparatus comprises a chamber defining an upper interior region and a lower interior region. A heater assembly is on the bottom of the chamber body in the lower interior region and defines a process region. A wafer cassette assembly is inside the heater assembly and a motor is configured to move the wafer cassette assembly from the lower process region inside the heater assembly to the upper interior region.

The present invention provides a powder-material flying melting furnace having dual regenerative chambers, which can be widely used in the fields of glass production, iron-making, non-ferrous metal smelting and solid fuel gasification. In the powder-material flying melting furnace having dual regenerative chambers of the present invention, a blow gas inlet is provided in a common feed pipeline or a raw material feeding pipeline, a forced feeding equipment is arranged on the feed inlets, and the raw material feeding pipeline is configured to be a movable feeding pipeline, such that the melts can be effectively prevented from being condensed and bonded on the inner walls of the feeding inlets.

The present invention provides a powder-material flying melting furnace having dual regenerative chambers, which can be widely used in the fields of glass production, iron-making, non-ferrous metal smelting and solid fuel gasification. In the powder-material flying melting furnace having dual regenerative chambers of the present invention, a blow gas inlet is provided in a common feed pipeline or a raw material feeding pipeline, a forced feeding equipment is arranged on the feed inlets, and the raw material feeding pipeline is configured to be a movable feeding pipeline, such that the melts can be effectively prevented from being condensed and bonded on the inner walls of the feeding inlets.

A hood-type annealing furnace has a base, which has a site on which a batch of a annealing material can be arranged. The annealing material arranged on the site can be covered by a protective hood, which forms an annealing space enclosed by the protective hood and the site. The protective hood can be covered by a heating hood, thereby forming an intermediate space arranged between the heating hood and the protective hood and bounded at the bottom by the base. A cooling gas system is communicably connected or connectable to the intermediate space. The cooling gas system is communicably connected or connectable to the intermediate space, to a cooling gas outlet formed on the base and communicably connected to the intermediate space, and at least one cooling gas inlet formed on the base and communicably connected to the intermediate space.

A hood-type annealing furnace has a base, which has a site on which a batch of a annealing material can be arranged. The annealing material arranged on the site can be covered by a protective hood, which forms an annealing space enclosed by the protective hood and the site. The protective hood can be covered by a heating hood, thereby forming an intermediate space arranged between the heating hood and the protective hood and bounded at the bottom by the base. A cooling gas system is communicably connected or connectable to the intermediate space. The cooling gas system is communicably connected or connectable to the intermediate space, to a cooling gas outlet formed on the base and communicably connected to the intermediate space, and at least one cooling gas inlet formed on the base and communicably connected to the intermediate space.