In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

A packing for heat and/or mass transfer between liquid and gaseous media in counter-flow, in particular for water cooling by air in cooling towers, includes a plurality of film elements contoured by corrugations. The corrugations provide flow passages and the film elements are successively arranged behind each other in the thickness direction forming points of contact. Adjacent film elements are connected to one another at their points of contact and mutually facing large surfaces of adjacent film elements have a fine contouring. The fine contouring includes a ribbing with rib webs and rib grooves running transversely to the flow passages. A rib groove is disposed between two adjacent rib webs. The transitions between successive rib webs and rib grooves are designed such that they are substantially free of radii.

A packing for heat and/or mass transfer between liquid and gaseous media in counter-flow, in particular for water cooling by air in cooling towers, includes a plurality of film elements contoured by corrugations. The corrugations provide flow passages and the film elements are successively arranged behind each other in the thickness direction forming points of contact. Adjacent film elements are connected to one another at their points of contact and mutually facing large surfaces of adjacent film elements have a fine contouring. The fine contouring includes a ribbing with rib webs and rib grooves running transversely to the flow passages. A rib groove is disposed between two adjacent rib webs. The transitions between successive rib webs and rib grooves are designed such that they are substantially free of radii.

A heat exchanger may include a first container having a gas inlet, a liquid inlet, a gas outlet, and a liquid outlet. The gas inlet may flow a gas at a first temperature into the container while the liquid inlet introduces droplets of a liquid into the container at a second temperature. In the container, the liquid droplets may fall under the force of gravity while the gas flows through the container in a direction that is different from a direction of the spray of the liquid through the container. Accordingly, the liquid and the gas may come into direct contact within the first container and exchange heat. After the liquid and gas exchange heat, the liquid may leave the container through the liquid outlet and the gas may leave the container through the gas outlet.

A heat exchanger may include a first container having a gas inlet, a liquid inlet, a gas outlet, and a liquid outlet. The gas inlet may flow a gas at a first temperature into the container while the liquid inlet introduces droplets of a liquid into the container at a second temperature. In the container, the liquid droplets may fall under the force of gravity while the gas flows through the container in a direction that is different from a direction of the spray of the liquid through the container. Accordingly, the liquid and the gas may come into direct contact within the first container and exchange heat. After the liquid and gas exchange heat, the liquid may leave the container through the liquid outlet and the gas may leave the container through the gas outlet.

A liquid collection assembly positionable between a fill material and a fan of a cooling tower for collecting liquid gravitating through the fill material while allowing air to pass up to the fill material. The liquid collection assembly includes a plurality of trough assemblies supported in a spaced apart, vertically overlapping relationship to provide a uniform path for rising air, to capture the down flowing liquid, to provide a barrier between the liquid distribution system and the fan, and to carry the liquid into the at least one gutter. The trough assemblies are supported by a first end plate and a second end plate through which trough assemblies extend.

A liquid collection assembly positionable between a fill material and a fan of a cooling tower for collecting liquid gravitating through the fill material while allowing air to pass up to the fill material. The liquid collection assembly includes a plurality of trough assemblies supported in a spaced apart, vertically overlapping relationship to provide a uniform path for rising air, to capture the down flowing liquid, to provide a barrier between the liquid distribution system and the fan, and to carry the liquid into the at least one gutter. The trough assemblies are supported by a first end plate and a second end plate through which trough assemblies extend.

Systems and method for delivery and positioning of a sheet-like surgical implant to a target site including a means of deploying and orienting the sheet-like implant within the body.

Systems and method for delivery and positioning of a sheet-like surgical implant to a target site including a means of deploying and orienting the sheet-like implant within the body.