A monolithic engine assembly may include an engine body that includes a regenerator body. The engine body and the regenerator body may respectively define at least a portion of a monolithic body, or the engine body may define at least a portion of a first monolithic body-segment and the regenerator body may define at least a portion of a second monolithic body-segment operably coupled or operably couplable to the first monolithic body-segment. The regenerator body may include a regenerator conduit, and a plurality of fin arrays adjacently disposed within the regenerator conduit and respectively supported by the regenerator conduit in spaced relation to one another. The spaced relation of the plurality of fin arrays may define a gap longitudinally separating adjacent ones of the plurality of fin arrays.

A monolithic engine assembly may include an engine body that includes a regenerator body. The engine body and the regenerator body may respectively define at least a portion of a monolithic body, or the engine body may define at least a portion of a first monolithic body-segment and the regenerator body may define at least a portion of a second monolithic body-segment operably coupled or operably couplable to the first monolithic body-segment. The regenerator body may include a regenerator conduit, and a plurality of fin arrays adjacently disposed within the regenerator conduit and respectively supported by the regenerator conduit in spaced relation to one another. The spaced relation of the plurality of fin arrays may define a gap longitudinally separating adjacent ones of the plurality of fin arrays.

A heat exchanger body includes at least a first channel wall portion, a second channel wall portion, and a third channel wall portion. A first channel for a first fluid, and a second channel for a second fluid are provided such that heat is allowed to be transferred between the first channel and the second channel via the second channel wall portion. A plurality of first support structures are arranged in the first channel and extend from the first channel wall portion to the second channel wall portion. A plurality of second support structures are arranged in the second channel and extending from the second channel wall portion to the third channel wall portion. The support structures are configured to support the second and third channel wall portions during manufacturing of the heat exchanger.

A heat exchanger body includes at least a first channel wall portion, a second channel wall portion, and a third channel wall portion. A first channel for a first fluid, and a second channel for a second fluid are provided such that heat is allowed to be transferred between the first channel and the second channel via the second channel wall portion. A plurality of first support structures are arranged in the first channel and extend from the first channel wall portion to the second channel wall portion. A plurality of second support structures are arranged in the second channel and extending from the second channel wall portion to the third channel wall portion. The support structures are configured to support the second and third channel wall portions during manufacturing of the heat exchanger.

An energy conversion apparatus may include an engine assembly, such as a monolithic engine assembly. The engine assembly may include a first monolithic body segment and a plurality of second monolithic body segments directly coupled or directly couplable to the first monolithic body segment. The first monolithic body segment may define a combustion chamber and a recirculation pathway in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The recirculation pathway may be configured to recirculate combustion gas through the combustion chamber. The plurality of second monolithic body segments may respectively define at least a portion of a piston chamber and a plurality of working-fluid pathways fluidly communicating with the piston chamber.

An energy conversion apparatus may include an engine assembly, such as a monolithic engine assembly. The engine assembly may include a first monolithic body segment and a plurality of second monolithic body segments directly coupled or directly couplable to the first monolithic body segment. The first monolithic body segment may define a combustion chamber and a recirculation pathway in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The recirculation pathway may be configured to recirculate combustion gas through the combustion chamber. The plurality of second monolithic body segments may respectively define at least a portion of a piston chamber and a plurality of working-fluid pathways fluidly communicating with the piston chamber.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provides a heat exchanger, including: a plurality of flat pipes disposed at intervals, wherein the flat pipe is provided with an inlet portion and an outlet portion, and both the inlet portion and the outlet portion are located on a first end of the flat pipe; a first sealing cushion block, disposed between two adjacent flat pipes; and a flow collecting portion, provided with a first opening portion and a second opening portion, wherein the first opening portion is disposed opposite to the inlet portion, and the second opening portion is disposed opposite to the outlet portion. The first sealing cushion block includes a first sealing portion and a second sealing portion.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provides a heat exchanger, including: a plurality of flat pipes disposed at intervals, wherein the flat pipe is provided with an inlet portion and an outlet portion, and both the inlet portion and the outlet portion are located on a first end of the flat pipe; a first sealing cushion block, disposed between two adjacent flat pipes; and a flow collecting portion, provided with a first opening portion and a second opening portion, wherein the first opening portion is disposed opposite to the inlet portion, and the second opening portion is disposed opposite to the outlet portion. The first sealing cushion block includes a first sealing portion and a second sealing portion.

A chemical reactor that combines a pressure vessel, heat exchanger, heater, and catalyst holder into a single device is disclosed. The chemical reactor described herein reduces the cost of the reactor and reduces its parasitic heat losses. The disclosed chemical reactor is suitable for use in ammonia (NH.sub.3) synthesis.

A chemical reactor that combines a pressure vessel, heat exchanger, heater, and catalyst holder into a single device is disclosed. The chemical reactor described herein reduces the cost of the reactor and reduces its parasitic heat losses. The disclosed chemical reactor is suitable for use in ammonia (NH.sub.3) synthesis.