A heat sink vessel is disclosed herein. The heat sink vessel includes a body and one or more heating media. The body defines an inner volume. The body includes an upper portion, a middle portion, and a lower portion. The upper portion has a conical entrance for incoming flow of fluid. The middle portion has a first side and a second side. The middle portion interfaces with the upper portion of the first side. The lower portion interfaces with the middle portion on the second side. The lower portion includes an inverted perforated conical liner and a perforated plate. The inverted perforated conical liner and the perforated plate control the flow of fluid exiting the vessel. The one or more heating media is disposed in the inner volume. The one or more heating media is configured to store heat during processing.

The invention relates to a device for cooling hot gases generated by an internal arc in high voltage metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear or prefabricated high voltage/low voltage stations. This device comprises a metal foam cooling filter having a honeycomb structure.

The invention relates to a device for cooling hot gases generated by an internal arc in high voltage metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear or prefabricated high voltage/low voltage stations. This device comprises a metal foam cooling filter having a honeycomb structure.

This heat exchanger includes fluid circulation channels extending lengthwise along a first axis, and layers that are flat and superposed on one another along a second axis. To improve performance, each layer is made up of metal strips so the strips a layer all extend lengthwise perpendicular to the second axis and adjacent one another, without necessarily touching. Each channel is jointly defined by first through third layers, the second being intercalated, along the second axis, directly between the first and third layers so each channel is delimited by a face of the first and third layers and edges of the second layer running parallel to the first axis and transversely to the second layer, these edges being formed by strips of this second layer fusion-welded to the first and third layers in zones extending along the length of the channel and situated on either side of the channel.

This heat exchanger includes fluid circulation channels extending lengthwise along a first axis, and layers that are flat and superposed on one another along a second axis. To improve performance, each layer is made up of metal strips so the strips a layer all extend lengthwise perpendicular to the second axis and adjacent one another, without necessarily touching. Each channel is jointly defined by first through third layers, the second being intercalated, along the second axis, directly between the first and third layers so each channel is delimited by a face of the first and third layers and edges of the second layer running parallel to the first axis and transversely to the second layer, these edges being formed by strips of this second layer fusion-welded to the first and third layers in zones extending along the length of the channel and situated on either side of the channel.

A reduction in a permeability of refrigerant gas is suppressed while increasing a filling factor of regenerator material particles with respect to a stage of a cold head. A cold head includes a stage including regenerator material particle groups, and a metal mesh material partitioning the regenerator material particle groups. The metal mesh material has quadrangular mesh holes each having a length of a long side of 1/10 or more and or less of each of average particle sizes of the regenerator material particle groups.

A reduction in a permeability of refrigerant gas is suppressed while increasing a filling factor of regenerator material particles with respect to a stage of a cold head. A cold head includes a stage including regenerator material particle groups, and a metal mesh material partitioning the regenerator material particle groups. The metal mesh material has quadrangular mesh holes each having a length of a long side of 1/10 or more and or less of each of average particle sizes of the regenerator material particle groups.

An apparatus for performing energy transformation between thermal energy and acoustic energy is in a thermoacoustic transducer apparatus is disclosed. The acoustic energy is associated with a periodic flow of a working fluid within an acoustic power loop of the thermoacoustic transducer. The apparatus includes a common central plenum having a first fluid port for providing fluid communication with the acoustic power loop, and a plurality of discrete cylindrical thermal converters radially arranged about the plenum, each thermal converter including a regenerator. The apparatus also includes a second fluid port for providing fluid communication between the thermal converter and the acoustic power loop, and fluid flow passages in fluid communication with the plenum and extending through the regenerator to the second fluid port.

An apparatus for performing energy transformation between thermal energy and acoustic energy is in a thermoacoustic transducer apparatus is disclosed. The acoustic energy is associated with a periodic flow of a working fluid within an acoustic power loop of the thermoacoustic transducer. The apparatus includes a common central plenum having a first fluid port for providing fluid communication with the acoustic power loop, and a plurality of discrete cylindrical thermal converters radially arranged about the plenum, each thermal converter including a regenerator. The apparatus also includes a second fluid port for providing fluid communication between the thermal converter and the acoustic power loop, and fluid flow passages in fluid communication with the plenum and extending through the regenerator to the second fluid port.

A pressurized cavity is provided around at least a portion or all of a regenerator, within which gas such as flue gas is maintained at a pressure in excess of the pressure within the regenerator, to protect against leakage of gas through the walls of the regenerator.