Apparatus for controlling heat transfer between two objects. In one embodiment, The apparatus includes a first and second conductive elements, a container of magnetorheological fluid disposed between the first and second conductive elements, an electromagnet disposed about the container, wherein the electromagnet is configured to produce a magnetic field within the container of magnetorheological fluid and conductively couple the first and second conductive elements, and at least one biasing element wherein the biasing element is coupled to the first conductive element and is configured to move the first conductive element relative to the container to conductively couple and uncouple the first conductive element and the second conductive element.

Method for controlling heat transfer between two objects. In one embodiment, the method includes flowing a current through an electromagnet disposed about a container holding magnetorheological fluid to bias a first conductive element against a first end of the container and a second conductive element against a second end of the container to align particles in the magnetorheological fluid such that first conductive element is conductively coupled to the second conductive element; and reducing the current through an electromagnet such that the first conductive element is biased away from the first end of the container and the second conductive element is biased away from the second end of the container to break the alignment of the particles in the magnetorheological fluid such that the first conductive element is not conductively coupled to the second conductive element.

Method for controlling heat transfer between two objects. In one embodiment, the method includes flowing a current through an electromagnet disposed about a container holding magnetorheological fluid to bias a first conductive element against a first end of the container and a second conductive element against a second end of the container to align particles in the magnetorheological fluid such that first conductive element is conductively coupled to the second conductive element; and reducing the current through an electromagnet such that the first conductive element is biased away from the first end of the container and the second conductive element is biased away from the second end of the container to break the alignment of the particles in the magnetorheological fluid such that the first conductive element is not conductively coupled to the second conductive element.

The present invention includes a holding stay made of a heat conductive material that is the same as that of an isolator holder, the holding stay being in contact with a radiation stay made of a member having good thermal conductivity, the radiation stay being in contact with radiation fins extracted from the inside of the isolator holder through an external opening for extraction, columnar welded portions bond the holding stay and the isolator holder through openings for welding, the welded portions apply tensile force toward the isolator holder to the radiation stay via the holding stay, and the radiation stay presses the radiation fins by means of the above-described tensile force to be fixed to the isolator holder.

Method and apparatus for controlling heat transfer between two objects. In one embodiment, an apparatus for controlled heat transfer is disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a first and second conductive elements, a container of magnetorheological fluid disposed between the first and second conductive elements, an electromagnet disposed about the container, wherein the electromagnet is configured to produce a magnetic field within the container of magnetorheological fluid and conductively couple the first and second conductive elements, and at least one biasing element wherein the biasing element is coupled to the first conductive element and is configured to move the first conductive element relative to the container to conductively couple and uncouple the first conductive element and the second conductive element.

An exemplary heat exchanger is configured for removing heat energy from a heat generator. The heat exchanger including at least one conduit for a working fluid, which is arranged in an upright position of at least 45, each conduit having an exterior wall and at least one interior wall for forming at least one evaporator channel and at least one condenser channel within the conduit. Furthermore, the heat exchanger includes a first heat transfer element for transferring heat into the evaporator channel and a second heat transfer element for transferring heat out of the condenser channel.

A heat switch includes a heat sink, a coolant tube, and an actuator. The coolant tube is movable with respect to the heat sink. The actuator couples between the heat sink and the coolant tube and configured to move the coolant tube between a first position and a second position. Heat flow from the coolant tube into the heat sink is greater in the second position than in the first position for enhanced heat transfer from the coolant tube.

The present disclosure provides a mobile terminal and a heat sink thereof. The heat sink includes a first heat-conducting medium filled in a gap between a processor and a processor shield, a second heat-conducting medium filled in a gap between an electronic component and an electronic component shield and a third heat-conducting medium filled in a gap between the electronic component shield and a middle frame; the processor is disposed on one side, facing towards a rear casing, of a printed circuit board; heat dissipated from the processor is dissipated by a first heat dissipating channel composed of the first heat-conducting medium, the processor shield and the rear casing; heat dissipated from the processor is dissipated by a second heat dissipating channel composed of the printed circuit board, the second heat-conducting medium, the electronic component shield, the third heat-conducting medium and the middle metal frame.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a system that includes a thermal valve having a first position and a second position, a heat transfer fluid, and an energy converter where, when in the first position, the thermal valve prevents the transfer of heat from the heat transfer fluid to the energy converter, and when in the second position, the thermal valve allows the transfer of heat from the heat transfer fluid to the energy converter, such that at least a portion of the heat transferred is converted to electricity by the energy converter.

Described herein is an apparatus and method for generating a pain score for a patient. The method includes the steps of generating a PLR response signature for each drug of a plurality of drugs and further initiating a light stimulus to the patient, and measuring a corresponding PLR response. The method includes initiating a neuro-stimulus to the patient, the neuro-stimulus being initiated over a set of frequencies, each frequency being associated with a unique intensity, and stimulating a unique nerve fiber type of the patient, and measuring a PRD response of the patient for the initiated neuro-stimulus. Further, the method includes determining, for each nerve fiber type, a threshold response based on the measured PRD, determining a weight for each threshold response based on the PLR response, and combining the determined weight for each threshold response to obtain a pain score for the patient.