Solid-state thermoclines with internal baffle structures are in used in place of heat exchangers in a closed thermodynamic cycle power generation or energy storage system, such as a closed Brayton cycle system. The baffles limit the conductive and/or radiative transfer of heat between a solid thermal medium within different zones defined by the baffle structures.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to a multi-mode heat transfer system. The heat transfer system includes an emitter device. The emitter device includes an inner core surrounded by an outer core having a thickness and an outer surface. A composite material pattern extends through at least a portion of the outer surface and at least a portion of the thickness of the outer core and is thermally coupled to the inner core. The composite material pattern in combination with an optimized emissivity surface coating/paint profile directs a heat from the inner core to an object other than the emitter device.

In order to obtain a heating and cooling system capable of localized cooling or heating a given area, a heating and cooling system includes: a supply section configured to supply a heating medium; and a double pipe unit including: an inner pipe, connected to the supply section, through which the heating medium flows, and an outer pipe disposed at an outer peripheral side of the inner pipe, the outer pipe including a space between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the space being maintained at a vacuum, portions in which a degree of vacuum of the space is different, or in which the degree of vacuum of the space is adjustable.

In order to obtain a heating and cooling system capable of localized cooling or heating a given area, a heating and cooling system includes: a supply section configured to supply a heating medium; and a double pipe unit including: an inner pipe, connected to the supply section, through which the heating medium flows, and an outer pipe disposed at an outer peripheral side of the inner pipe, the outer pipe including a space between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the space being maintained at a vacuum, portions in which a degree of vacuum of the space is different, or in which the degree of vacuum of the space is adjustable.

A passive vortex formed or induced from a temperature difference across a cavity or void aggregates and supports a horizontal flow over the top of the cavity. A cavity of a suitable depth and width exhibits a small difference in temperature, or heat source, along the sides or bottom of cavity. A resulting convective flow tends to form a rising current along a warmer side, and a complementary downward current on an opposed side of the cavity. The formed vortex tends to draw the cooler downward flow across the warmer, heated surface, enhancing the vortex flow. The vortex aligns with a horizontal flow across the top of the cavity as the upward current complements the downward current on an opposed side of the cavity. A plurality of adjacent cavities tend to align with an aggregate horizontal flow contributed from each cavity.

A passive vortex formed or induced from a temperature difference across a cavity or void aggregates and supports a horizontal flow over the top of the cavity. A cavity of a suitable depth and width exhibits a small difference in temperature, or heat source, along the sides or bottom of cavity. A resulting convective flow tends to form a rising current along a warmer side, and a complementary downward current on an opposed side of the cavity. The formed vortex tends to draw the cooler downward flow across the warmer, heated surface, enhancing the vortex flow. The vortex aligns with a horizontal flow across the top of the cavity as the upward current complements the downward current on an opposed side of the cavity. A plurality of adjacent cavities tend to align with an aggregate horizontal flow contributed from each cavity.

A heat exchanger may include a heat exchange surface partially coated with a heat-conducting layer. The heat exchange surface may include a plurality of contact regions coated with the heat-conducting layer and a plurality of insulating regions that are not coated with the heat-conducting layer. The heat exchange surface may further include a degree of coverage of the heat-conducting layer that varies to compensate at least one of at least one hot spot and at least one cold spot. The at least one hot spot and the at least one cold spot may be included within at least one of the heat exchange surface and a plurality of energy storage elements of an energy store that contacts the heat exchange surface.

A heat exchanger may include a heat exchange surface partially coated with a heat-conducting layer. The heat exchange surface may include a plurality of contact regions coated with the heat-conducting layer and a plurality of insulating regions that are not coated with the heat-conducting layer. The heat exchange surface may further include a degree of coverage of the heat-conducting layer that varies to compensate at least one of at least one hot spot and at least one cold spot. The at least one hot spot and the at least one cold spot may be included within at least one of the heat exchange surface and a plurality of energy storage elements of an energy store that contacts the heat exchange surface.

The present technology provides a non-cylindrical structure for transporting media, including gases, liquids, solids, or energy comprising a layer of thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) surrounded by an outer layer and an inner layer comprising a metal, a ceramic, a glass, or a plastic. In particular, the present technology relates to a non-cylindrical tube or a pipe having an inner layer, an outer layer, and a layer of TPG between the inner layer and the outer layer wherein the TPG layer is configured to manage the direction of heat conduction.

A heat exchanger 1 comprises a shell 2 which has in an interior thereof a heat exchange chamber 20 in which a gas to be cooled or an intermediate medium is filled, and performs heat exchange directly or indirectly between liquid hydrogen and the gas to be cooled, in the interior of the heat exchange chamber 20; a tray 23 which is provided in the interior of the heat exchange chamber 20 and receives a liquefied gas and a deposited substance F which are generated by the heat exchange in the interior of the heat exchange chamber 20; and a liquid discharge mechanism (flashboard 22, drain port 25, and drain pipe 26) which discharges the liquefied gas from the tray 23 in a state in which the deposited substance F is left in the tray 23.