A vapor chamber includes an electromagnetic (EM) shielding layer. The vapor chamber is constructed from a structural base material that provides for a suitable size, strength, and/or weight for a specific application. The vapor chamber is treated at the region(s) to provide suitable EM shielding characteristics for the specific application. For example, an oxidation layer is removed from the region(s) to expose the structural base material while the vapor chamber is in an inert environment that prevents further oxidation. Then, while the vapor chamber remains within the same inert environment, a material having suitable electrical conductive properties is deposited onto the exposed structural base material to form an EM shielding layer at the region(s). When the vapor chamber is installed into an electronic device, the EM shielding layer may be electrically grounded so as to isolate one or more components within the electronic device from EM signal interference.

A heat exchanger is provided that may include a plurality of refrigerant tubes through which refrigerant flows, a fin disposed between adjacent refrigerant tubes to conduct heat, and a sacrificial sheet provided between a refrigerant tube of the plurality of refrigerant tubes and the fin and configured such that a first surface thereof contacts the refrigerant tube and a second surface thereof contacts the fin. A corrosion potential of the sacrificial sheet may be lower than a corrosion potential of the refrigerant tube.

A heat exchanger has a heat exchanger body, an inlet for a fluid to be cooled, and an outlet for the fluid to be cooled. There is also an inlet for a cooling fluid and an outlet for the cooling fluid. The cooling fluid and the fluid to be cooled connects to the heat exchanger, but are maintained separate in the heat exchanger such that the cooling fluid lowers the temperature of the fluid to be cooled. The cooling fluid and the fluid to be cooled connects to pass through the heat exchanger, but are maintained separate such that the cooling fluid lowers the temperature of the fluid to be cooled. An ice detector detects an undesirable amount of ice particles in the cooling fluid. A control receives information from the ice detector and controls electric heating elements should an undesirable amount of ice particles be detected. An aircraft is also described.

A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid is disclosed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The heat exchanger includes a first manifold, a second manifold, a bundle of heat exchange elements and a housing. The bundle of heat exchange elements for the first fluid axially extend and provide a fluidal communication between the manifolds. The housing for the second fluid encapsulates at least part of the heat exchange elements to form a fluid tight channel for the second fluid. The housing further includes at least one sacrificial component being of material having lower galvanic potential than the remaining components.

A heat exchanger is provided and includes a plurality of tubes with refrigerant passages inside of them and a pair of header tanks to which end parts of the tubes are brazed. Brazing materials, which are used for brazing to the header tanks, are arranged at the outer circumferential surfaces of the tubes. Base materials of the metal sheet members which form the header tanks are exposed at the inner circumferential surfaces and outer circumferential surfaces of the header tanks.

Thermal Moisture Enhanced Gradient Strata (TMEGS) for Heat Exchangers optimizes the performance of energy flows for building heating, cooling, hot water, and industrial processes. TMEGS are temperature and moisture control layers which reduce the cost of closed loop ground heat exchangers and increase heat exchanger performance by improving energy transfer between solar, geothermal, process heat and renewable energy exchangers. Circuit optimized thermally active building structures (COTABS) configure heat exchangers and thermal energy strata for application specific requirements. TMEGS integrated with COTABS is a scalable and interoperable carbon-free, planet friendly architecture for net zero energy buildings. Embodiments include the use of recycled materials, waste tire derived aggregate, nanofluids, phase change materials, cathodic protection, and integrated microprocessor and client-server controls.

An apparatus may mount an in-stream, continuous contact, visible, sacrificial anode in a fluid passage for the electrolytic corrosion protection. The apparatus may function to protect heat exchangers and/or other metallically connected system components that share contact with electrolytically active fluids. The apparatus may consist of an in-line anode cartridge including a collar body and a viewing port. The apparatus may include a site glass and compression fittings which seals the device causing corrosive fluids to flow past a sacrificial anode. The apparatus may include a visual indicator and an elastically compressed member (e.g., spring) which facilitate continuous metallic/electrical contact and inspection of the anode through the viewing port without system shut down or disassembly. The elastically compressed member and gauge assembly fills the view-ports with a bright indicator as the anode dissolves and the elastically compressed member expands. The apparatus improves inspection, replacement and effectiveness of sacrificial anodes in electrolytically corrosive environments.

A method of operating a heat exchanger is disclosed in which an electric field is applied to a hydrophobic surface having condensed water droplets thereon to reduce a contact angle between the individual droplet surfaces and the hydrophobic surface, and to increase droplet surface energy to a second surface energy level. The electric field is removed to increase the contact angle between the individual droplet surfaces and the hydrophobic surface, and to reduce droplet surface energy to a third surface energy level. The third surface energy level is greater than the first surface energy level and greater than a surface energy level for a free droplet. A portion of the droplet surface energy is converted to kinetic energy to detach droplets from the hydrophobic surface. The detached droplets are removed from the heat rejection side fluid flow path.

An indoor unit of an air conditioner includes a heat transfer tube and a connection pipe. The connection pipe includes a first connection pipe a liquid pipe and a second connection pipe as a gas pipe. The first connection pipe and the second connection pipe each have a first section and a second section. A contact prevention member is provided in an area where the second section of the first connection pipe and the first section of the second connection pipe approach each other, or in an area where the first section of the first connection pipe and the second section of the second connection pipe approach each other.