In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

A flow system for avoiding particle agglomeration in nanofluids, including a flow restrictive element, wherein the flow restrictive element in use provides sudden expansion to the fluid such that cavitation takes place the fluid upon exiting the flow restrictive element. The flow system includes the flow restrictive element having a hydraulic diameter within a range between 0.5 m and 250 m, a vicinity of the flow restrictive element is provided with a heater, adapted to heat the nanofluid in the vicinity of the flow restrictive element.

A flow system for avoiding particle agglomeration in nanofluids, including a flow restrictive element, wherein the flow restrictive element in use provides sudden expansion to the fluid such that cavitation takes place the fluid upon exiting the flow restrictive element. The flow system includes the flow restrictive element having a hydraulic diameter within a range between 0.5 m and 250 m, a vicinity of the flow restrictive element is provided with a heater, adapted to heat the nanofluid in the vicinity of the flow restrictive element.

A pivot window includes a laminated body. The laminated body includes two sheets of a plate material; a peripheral end member provided at a peripheral end parts of the two sheets of the plate material; and a cell array plate material which is interposed between the two sheets of the plate material and which has a plurality of cells respectively having a gas phase and encapsulating a latent heat storage material having a melting point and a freezing point in a specific temperature range. The pivot window further includes a rotation mechanism for causing the laminated body to perform at least half rotation in a vertical direction.

A pivot window includes a laminated body. The laminated body includes two sheets of a plate material; a peripheral end member provided at a peripheral end parts of the two sheets of the plate material; and a cell array plate material which is interposed between the two sheets of the plate material and which has a plurality of cells respectively having a gas phase and encapsulating a latent heat storage material having a melting point and a freezing point in a specific temperature range. The pivot window further includes a rotation mechanism for causing the laminated body to perform at least half rotation in a vertical direction.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a porous plate is provided. The porous plate includes a body having an upper surface, a lower surface opposite the upper surface and sidewalls extending between respective entireties of the upper surface and the lower surface, the body being formed of porous material, and a metallic coating, which is thermally deposited onto an entirety of the sidewalls to form a high-strength mechanical bond with the entirety of the sidewalls.

A latent-heat storage material composition includes: a latent-heat storage material for storing or releasing heat by utilizing absorption or release of latent heat in association with phase change; and additives mixed with the latent-heat storage material. The additives can adjust a property of the latent-heat storage material. The additives include a first additive, which is a water-soluble substance belonging to polysaccharides and is gellan gum, which is also a thickener for increasing the viscosity of a melt of the latent-heat storage material composition in a liquid phase state, based on interaction of the thickener with water contained in the latent-heat storage material composition and cations. The content of the gellan gum is 1 wt % or less of the weight of the whole latent-heat storage material composition.

A pressure cap structure for a cooling system having variable opening pressure, which is applied to a cooling system for circulating cooling water to radiate heat generated by an engine of a vehicle, and maintains the inside pressure of the cooling system in a predetermined range, the pressure cap may include a positive pressure spring mounted in a valve body, and operated to connect the cooling system to the outside when the pressure of the cooling system rises, and a shape memory member restored to the initial shape when reaching a predetermined temperature, and mounted between the positive pressure spring and a spring guard supporting the positive pressure spring.