Processes for the production of a meat analogue, comprising: a) introducing a meat batter which comprises protein into a first heating unit and heating the meat batter to a temperature above the denaturation temperature of the protein in the meat batter, but below the melting point of the protein to produce a first heat-treated product, and b) transferring the first heat-treated product to a second heating unit and heating the first heat-treated product to a temperature above the melting temperature of the protein to produce a second heat-treated product, c) cooling the second heat-treated product by moving through a cooling unit, so that the second heat-treated product has a temperature below water boiling temperature at ambient pressure when exiting the cooling unit, and d) dividing the cooled second heat-treated product into pieces; as well as an apparatus for the production of a meat analogue.

Processes for the production of a meat analogue, comprising: a) introducing a meat batter which comprises protein into a first heating unit and heating the meat batter to a temperature above the denaturation temperature of the protein in the meat batter, but below the melting point of the protein to produce a first heat-treated product, and b) transferring the first heat-treated product to a second heating unit and heating the first heat-treated product to a temperature above the melting temperature of the protein to produce a second heat-treated product, c) cooling the second heat-treated product by moving through a cooling unit, so that the second heat-treated product has a temperature below water boiling temperature at ambient pressure when exiting the cooling unit, and d) dividing the cooled second heat-treated product into pieces; as well as an apparatus for the production of a meat analogue.

Processes for the production of a meat analogue include: a) preparing a meat batter comprising protein by mixing water, raw material of meat and/or meat by-product, and optionally further ingredients, in a mixer, b) conveying the meat batter obtained in step a) by means of a first positive displacement pump to a single heating unit comprising a single scraped surface heat exchanger, c) heating the meat batter in the single heating unit to a temperature above the melting temperature of the protein to produce a heat-treated product, d) transferring the heat-treated product of step c) to a cooling unit by means of a second positive displacement pump, e) cooling the heat-treated product by moving through the cooling unit, so that the heat-treated product reaches a temperature below water boiling temperature at ambient pressure when exiting the cooling unit, and f) dividing the cooled heat-treated product into pieces.

Processes for the production of a meat analogue include: a) preparing a meat batter comprising protein by mixing water, raw material of meat and/or meat by-product, and optionally further ingredients, in a mixer, b) conveying the meat batter obtained in step a) by means of a first positive displacement pump to a single heating unit comprising a single scraped surface heat exchanger, c) heating the meat batter in the single heating unit to a temperature above the melting temperature of the protein to produce a heat-treated product, d) transferring the heat-treated product of step c) to a cooling unit by means of a second positive displacement pump, e) cooling the heat-treated product by moving through the cooling unit, so that the heat-treated product reaches a temperature below water boiling temperature at ambient pressure when exiting the cooling unit, and f) dividing the cooled heat-treated product into pieces.

Processes for the production of a meat analogue, comprising: a) introducing a meat batter which comprises protein into a first heating unit and heating the meat batter to a temperature above the denaturation temperature of the protein in the meat batter, but below the melting point of the protein to produce a first heat-treated product, and b) transferring the first heat-treated product to a second heating unit and heating the first heat-treated product to a temperature above the melting temperature of the protein to produce a second heat-treated product, c) cooling the second heat-treated product by moving through a cooling unit, so that the second heat-treated product has a temperature below water boiling temperature at ambient pressure when exiting the cooling unit, and d) dividing the cooled second heat-treated product into pieces; as well as an apparatus for the production of a meat analogue.

Processes for the production of a meat analogue, comprising: a) introducing a meat batter which comprises protein into a first heating unit and heating the meat batter to a temperature above the denaturation temperature of the protein in the meat batter, but below the melting point of the protein to produce a first heat-treated product, and b) transferring the first heat-treated product to a second heating unit and heating the first heat-treated product to a temperature above the melting temperature of the protein to produce a second heat-treated product, c) cooling the second heat-treated product by moving through a cooling unit, so that the second heat-treated product has a temperature below water boiling temperature at ambient pressure when exiting the cooling unit, and d) dividing the cooled second heat-treated product into pieces; as well as an apparatus for the production of a meat analogue.

The present invention relates to methods of protecting patients and sensitizing cancer cells in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. More specifically, the invention provides nutritional methods and formulations that are capable of reducing cancer growth without causing chronic weight loss in patients, protecting normal cells, tissues and organs from chemotherapy and/radiation therapy, and sensitizing cancer cells against low, normal and high-dose chemotherapy. Some of the methods also impede cancer growth even without chemotherapy.

Methods and devices heat or cool viscous materials, such as meat emulsions useful for producing food and other products. The devices have a heat exchanger including a first plate, a second plate attached to the first plate, and a first spacer and a second spacer arranged between the first plate and the second plate. The first plate, the second plate, the first spacer, and the second spacer define at least one temperature controlled passage for a product to pass through the heat exchanger.

Methods and devices heat or cool viscous materials, such as meat emulsions useful for producing food and other products. The devices have a heat exchanger including a first plate, a second plate attached to the first plate, and a first spacer and a second spacer arranged between the first plate and the second plate. The first plate, the second plate, the first spacer, and the second spacer define at least one temperature controlled passage for a product to pass through the heat exchanger.

The invention provides a curing agent comprising a plant-based nitrite derived from plant material comprising nitrate and a process for preparing the curing agent comprising contacting a plant material with an organism capable of converting nitrate to nitrite. The curing agent can be used to preserve or cure meat or meat products.