An actuator includes an actuator body, an output piston portion, an ignition device and a sealing member formed of a metal plate-like member. The sealing member separates a space in the actuator body into a first space where the ignition device is disposed and a second space where the output piston portion is disposed, and seals a combustion product generated by the ignition device in the first space. A peripheral edge portion of the sealing member is fixed to an inner wall that defines the space. The sealing member is deformed by the gunpowder combustion such that its central portion is displaced to a side of the output piston portion, to thereby press the output piston portion using the central portion and cause the output piston portion to slide in the through hole. With this, energy for driving an output piston portion is suitably transmitted to the output piston portion.

Disclosed herein are methods of making fragmentation casings for bombs and warheads. Particularly, cold spray methods are used. A layer or layers of metal, metal alloy, and optional other materials are deposited by cold spray application of cold spray materials to preform/mandrel, having patterned structures to define fragmentation points (e.g., stress concentrators) in a fragmentation casing formed on the preform/mandrel via cold spray. In addition to such cold spray processes for forming a fragmentation casing, this disclosure relates to the preform/mandrels used as well as the resultant fragmentation casing formed via cold spray.

Disclosed herein are methods of making fragmentation casings for bombs and warheads. Particularly, cold spray methods are used. A layer or layers of metal, metal alloy, and optional other materials are deposited by cold spray application of cold spray materials to preform/mandrel, having patterned structures to define fragmentation points (e.g., stress concentrators) in a fragmentation casing formed on the preform/mandrel via cold spray. In addition to such cold spray processes for forming a fragmentation casing, this disclosure relates to the preform/mandrels used as well as the resultant fragmentation casing formed via cold spray.

High-density thermodynamically stable nanostructured copper-based metallic systems, and methods of making, are presented herein. A ternary high-density thermodynamically stable nanostructured copper-based metallic system includes: a solvent of copper (Cu) metal; that comprises 50 to 95 atomic percent (at. %) of the metallic system; a first solute metal dispersed in the solvent that comprises 0.01 to 50 at. % of the metallic system; and a second solute metal dispersed in the solvent that comprises 0.01 to 50 at. % of the metallic system. The internal grain size of the solvent is suppressed to no more than 250 nm at 98% of the melting point temperature of the solvent and the solute metals remain uniformly dispersed in the solvent at that temperature. Processes for forming these metallic systems include: subjecting powder metals to a high-energy milling process, and consolidating the resultant powder metal subjected to the milling to form a bulk material.

High-density thermodynamically stable nanostructured copper-based metallic systems, and methods of making, are presented herein. A ternary high-density thermodynamically stable nanostructured copper-based metallic system includes: a solvent of copper (Cu) metal; that comprises 50 to 95 atomic percent (at. %) of the metallic system; a first solute metal dispersed in the solvent that comprises 0.01 to 50 at. % of the metallic system; and a second solute metal dispersed in the solvent that comprises 0.01 to 50 at. % of the metallic system. The internal grain size of the solvent is suppressed to no more than 250 nm at 98% of the melting point temperature of the solvent and the solute metals remain uniformly dispersed in the solvent at that temperature. Processes for forming these metallic systems include: subjecting powder metals to a high-energy milling process, and consolidating the resultant powder metal subjected to the milling to form a bulk material.

An extraction charge for threats buried underground includes a housing, a shaped charge disposed in the housing at one end thereof, and a canister disposed in the housing and spaced apart from the shaped charge. The canister defines an open-ended tubular pathway and includes an explosive material housed in a region of the canister that circumscribes the tubular pathway. A delay detonator is coupled to the shaped charge and to the explosive material.

An extraction charge for threats buried underground includes a housing, a shaped charge disposed in the housing at one end thereof, and a canister disposed in the housing and spaced apart from the shaped charge. The canister defines an open-ended tubular pathway and includes an explosive material housed in a region of the canister that circumscribes the tubular pathway. A delay detonator is coupled to the shaped charge and to the explosive material.

An actuator includes an actuator body, an output piston portion, an ignition device and a sealing member formed of a metal plate-like member. The sealing member separates a space in the actuator body into a first space where the ignition device is disposed and a second space where the output piston portion is disposed, and seals a combustion product generated by the ignition device in the first space. A peripheral edge portion of the sealing member is fixed to an inner wall that defines the space. The sealing member is deformed by the gunpowder combustion such that its central portion is displaced to a side of the output piston portion, to thereby press the output piston portion using the central portion and cause the output piston portion to slide in the through hole. With this, energy for driving an output piston portion is suitably transmitted to the output piston portion.

Charge holders and methods for making charge holders, the charge holders including a first portion formed of a first material, the first portion having a longitudinally discontinuous internal feature integrally formed therein and a second portion formed of a second material, the second portion extending from the first portion and defining a charge support channel. The longitudinally discontinuous internal feature is formed from at least one third material, wherein at least one the third material is different from the first material.

Charge holders and methods for making charge holders, the charge holders including a first portion formed of a first material, the first portion having a longitudinally discontinuous internal feature integrally formed therein and a second portion formed of a second material, the second portion extending from the first portion and defining a charge support channel. The longitudinally discontinuous internal feature is formed from at least one third material, wherein at least one the third material is different from the first material.