A flare comprising an illuminant adjacent to a casing of a flare and a liner between the casing and the illuminant. The liner comprises a reaction product of a prepolymer and a curative, and one or more of a zinc oxide material or an aluminum oxide material. Methods of forming a flare are also disclosed.

A flare comprising an illuminant adjacent to a casing of a flare and a liner between the casing and the illuminant. The liner comprises a reaction product of a prepolymer and a curative, and one or more of a zinc oxide material or an aluminum oxide material. Methods of forming a flare are also disclosed.

A Cold Spark Device (CSD) is provided and includes a CSD base, wherein the CSD base includes a CSD collector defining a collector cavity, wherein the CSD collector includes a collector top, collector sides and a collector bottom, the collector top defining a top opening, and wherein the collector bottom defines a first collector bottom opening and a second collector bottom opening, a CSD sparkling device, and a CSD display case, wherein the CSD base includes a base structure which defines a base cavity for containing the CSD sparkling device, wherein the base structure defines a base cavity opening communicated with the base cavity.

A Cold Spark Device (CSD) is provided and includes a CSD base, wherein the CSD base includes a CSD collector defining a collector cavity, wherein the CSD collector includes a collector top, collector sides and a collector bottom, the collector top defining a top opening, and wherein the collector bottom defines a first collector bottom opening and a second collector bottom opening, a CSD sparkling device, and a CSD display case, wherein the CSD base includes a base structure which defines a base cavity for containing the CSD sparkling device, wherein the base structure defines a base cavity opening communicated with the base cavity.

A flare comprising an illuminant adjacent to a casing of a flare and a liner between the casing and the illuminant. The liner comprises a reaction product of a prepolymer and a curative, and one or more of a zinc oxide material or an aluminum oxide material. Methods of forming a flare are also disclosed.

A flare comprising an illuminant adjacent to a casing of a flare and a liner between the casing and the illuminant. The liner comprises a reaction product of a prepolymer and a curative, and one or more of a zinc oxide material or an aluminum oxide material. Methods of forming a flare are also disclosed.

A composition that includes a fuel and a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) is disclosed. The composition may be used as a flare composition in a countermeasure device. Countermeasure devices including the flare composition are also disclosed, as are methods of forming grains of the countermeasure device.

A composition that includes a fuel and a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) is disclosed. The composition may be used as a flare composition in a countermeasure device. Countermeasure devices including the flare composition are also disclosed, as are methods of forming grains of the countermeasure device.

An aerial projectile apparatus provides a means for marking terrestrial and marine locations for identification from afar, as by aerial reconnaissance. The projectile is launched from ground level at a location where identification is desired. When the projectile is lofted to an appropriate elevation, it disperses a spray of marker substance in the form of droplets or solid particles. When the sprayed marker substance settles to ground level, it leaves a mark on the landscape or marine surface indicating the location for identification by aerial reconnaissance.

An aerial projectile apparatus provides a means for marking terrestrial and marine locations for identification from afar, as by aerial reconnaissance. The projectile is launched from ground level at a location where identification is desired. When the projectile is lofted to an appropriate elevation, it disperses a spray of marker substance in the form of droplets or solid particles. When the sprayed marker substance settles to ground level, it leaves a mark on the landscape or marine surface indicating the location for identification by aerial reconnaissance.