An electronic golf aid system for assisting users with reading greens on golf courses includes a camera that captures images of the user's field of view, and an electronic display device with a display screen that displays captured images. A processor, which communicates with the camera and display device, is programmed to: receive signals from the camera indicative of images of a golf ball and a cup on the green; determine respective locations for the golf ball and cup; determine a perspective view of the topology of the green between the golf ball and cup from the user's point of view; determine, based on the green's topology, a proposed trajectory line from the golf ball's location to the cup's location; and direct the electronic display device to display the proposed trajectory line superimposed on the surface of the green as the green is shown in real-time on the display screen.

A method and apparatus is provided that determines and simulates the proper putting stroke using at least aiming direction and speed for successfully making a particular putt based on particular putting green characteristics and the location of the golf hole on the putting green, and which is interactive with the user thereby providing an enhanced playing experience and improved putting results.

A system and method for analyzing and improving the performance of a body motion of an animal or human subject requires instrumenting a subject with inertial sensors, monitoring a body motion of interest, converting sensor data into motion data and animation, comparing the motion data with existing data for motion related performance parameters, providing a real-time, information rich, animation and data display of the results in color coded displays; and based on the results prescribing a training regime with exercises selected from a library of standardized exercises using standardized tools and training aids.

An electronic tracking system for assisting a user in determining distances to landmarks and objects in a sporting environment includes a user tracking system for determining the location of a user, a heads up display for displaying information to the user, and a processor operable to communicate with the user tracking system and the heads up display. The heads up display is designed to be worn on the user's head, and to display an image within the user's field of view. The processor is programmed to determine a distance between the user's determined location and an object or a landmark on. This information is displayed via the heads up display as a numeric representation of the determined distance.

A simulation apparatus includes an obtaining unit configured to obtain a measurement result of a test shot of a first golf club performed by a testing golfer, and a calculation unit configured to calculate a simulated ball-striking result which is obtained if the testing golfer strikes a golf ball by a second golf club which has a specification different from the first golf club. The calculation unit determines a swing characteristic of the testing golfer based on the measurement result. The calculation unit calculates the simulated ball-striking result based on the swing characteristic and the measurement result.

A system and method for analyzing and improving the performance of a body motion of an animal or human subject requires instrumenting a subject with inertial sensors, monitoring a body motion of interest, converting sensor data into motion data and animation, comparing the motion data with existing data for motion related performance parameters, providing a real-time, information rich, animation and data display of the results in color coded displays; and based on the results prescribing a training regime with exercises selected from a library of standardized exercises using standardized tools and training aids.

Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with instruction production are described. In one example, a system can comprise a difference component that makes an identification of a difference between an actual action of a user and a standard action for the user. The system also can comprise an instruction component that produces an instruction to instruct the user to change from the action of the user to the standard action for the user, where production of the instruction is based, at least in part, on the difference. The system further can comprise a non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to retain the instruction. Additionally, the system can comprise an output component configured to cause disclosure of the instruction.

A golf training aid that may be attached to any golf club that may force a golfer's hands into the proper grip position for various types of golf shots is provided. The device and methods of the present disclosure may further allow a golfer to practice these shots to build muscle memory and to ingrain the proper grip positions into memory to allow for repeated and consistent shot performance.

A golf swing training apparatus comprising: a first attachment means; a first cord with a first end and a second end, the first end of the first cord attached to the first attachment means; a bite piece attached to the second end of the first cord; a first releasable connector attached to the second end of the first cord; a second releasable connector configured to releasably attach to the first releasable connector; a second cord, with a first end and a second end, the first end of the second cord attached to the second releasable connector; a retractable and extendible cord attached to the second end of the second cord; a lockable retractor in operable communication with the retractable and extendible cord; a second attachment means attached to the lockable retractor. A method of using a golf swing training apparatus, the method comprising: attaching a first attachment means to a user's shirt; attaching a second attachment means to the user's waistband or belt; biting down on the bite piece; connecting a first releasable connector to a second releasable connector; adjusting the length of a first cord and a second cord so that golf swing training apparatus is at a proper tautness so that if the user's head moves excessively during a golf swing the first and second releasable connectors disconnect, thereby indicating to the user that his or her head moved too much; and practicing the user's golf swing.