An engine cooling system comprises an engine cooling circuit, comprising a first pump structured to circulate engine coolant fluid therethrough. A remote coolant radiator positioned along the engine cooling circuit downstream of the engine and outside of a vehicle cooling package area is structured to transfer heat from the engine coolant fluid to air. A coolant heat exchanger is positioned along the engine cooling circuit in parallel to the remote coolant radiator. A waste heat recovery system comprises a working fluid circuit comprising a second pump. The coolant heat exchanger is positioned along the working fluid circuit and is structured to transfer heat from the engine coolant fluid to the working fluid. An expander is structured to convert energy from the heat transferred to the working fluid from the engine cooling fluid to mechanical energy. A condenser positioned downstream of the expander is structured cool the working fluid.

A heat exchange system includes: a gas line through which a gas to be cooled flows; a first heat exchanger disposed in the gas line and configured to cool the gas through heat exchange with a refrigerant; a refrigerant introduction line for introducing the refrigerant into the first heat exchanger; a refrigerant discharge line for discharging the refrigerant after cooling the gas from the first heat exchanger; a recirculation line for recirculating at least a part of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant discharge line into the refrigerant introduction line; and a flow-rate adjustment unit for adjusting a flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the recirculation line so that a temperature of the refrigerant introduced into the first heat exchanger from the refrigerant introduction line is not lower than a threshold.

An expansion apparatus for recovering waste heat may include two or more turbines and a distribution valve distributing working fluid supplied from the boiler to the two or more turbines, wherein the two or more turbines include a power turbine and one or more auxiliary turbines, and the power turbine is configured to receive a larger amount of working fluid than the one or more auxiliary turbines.

A combine cycle power plant is presented. The combine cycle power plant includes a gas turbine, a heat recovery steam generator, a main steam turbine and a supercritical steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine may be operated as a separate steam turbine that may be not a single steam turboset with the main steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine receives supercritical steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator to produce power output. Exiting steam from the supercritical steam turbine may be routed to the main steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine may be operated at a rotational speed that is higher than a grid frequency. The rotational speed of the supercritical steam turbine may be reduced to the grid frequency via a gearbox.

A combine cycle power plant is presented. The combine cycle power plant includes a gas turbine, a heat recovery steam generator, a main steam turbine and a supercritical steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine may be operated as a separate steam turbine that may be not a single steam turboset with the main steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine receives supercritical steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator to produce power output. Exiting steam from the supercritical steam turbine may be routed to the main steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine may be operated at a rotational speed that is higher than a grid frequency. The rotational speed of the supercritical steam turbine may be reduced to the grid frequency via a gearbox.

A raw material fluid treatment plant is provided with a raw material reaction apparatus for reacting a raw material fluid to form a reaction gas. The raw material reaction apparatus includes preheaters and a reactor. The preheaters are heat exchangers that perform heat exchange between a second heat transfer medium and the raw material fluid to heat the raw material fluid. The reactor is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between a first heat transfer medium differing from the second heat transfer medium and the raw material fluid having been heated by the preheaters to heat and react the raw material fluid.

An assembly with a steam turbine and an overload valve, wherein the overload valve is arranged opposite the fresh steam valve and a fresh steam flows partially through the flow channel and partially into an overload inflow region via the overload valve.

An assembly with a steam turbine and an overload valve, wherein the overload valve is arranged opposite the fresh steam valve and a fresh steam flows partially through the flow channel and partially into an overload inflow region via the overload valve.

A method of operating a combined heat and power plant includes, when there is insufficient heat removal from a hot flue gas downstream from a hot flue gas generator but upstream of a steam evaporator, as a result of insufficient mass flow of imported steam to a steam superheater, to prevent the hot flue gas temperature downstream of the steam superheater from rising to or above a predetermined limit, quenching steam inside the steam superheater or quenching steam being fed to the steam superheater by injecting boiler feed water or condensate into the steam to produce steam in the steam superheater. The quenching increases the removal of heat from the hot flue gas and reduces the hot flue gas temperature downstream of the steam superheater to ensure that the hot flue gas temperature downstream of the steam superheater does not rise to or above the predetermined limit.

A method of operating a combined heat and power plant includes, when there is insufficient heat removal from a hot flue gas downstream from a hot flue gas generator but upstream of a steam evaporator, as a result of insufficient mass flow of imported steam to a steam superheater, to prevent the hot flue gas temperature downstream of the steam superheater from rising to or above a predetermined limit, quenching steam inside the steam superheater or quenching steam being fed to the steam superheater by injecting boiler feed water or condensate into the steam to produce steam in the steam superheater. The quenching increases the removal of heat from the hot flue gas and reduces the hot flue gas temperature downstream of the steam superheater to ensure that the hot flue gas temperature downstream of the steam superheater does not rise to or above the predetermined limit.