An integrated thermal processing and energy conversion system includes a supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) reactor configured to oxidize liquid chemical waste at supercritical conditions, producing heat, CO2, and a mineral-rich slurry. A thermal recovery and storage unit captures heat from the SCWO reactor and uses it to heat pressurized supercritical CO2 (SCCO2), which is expanded through an SCCO2 turbine to generate mechanical and electrical power. The system includes a dry gas fractionator to separate SCCO2 gas from the slurry, a mineral carbonate generator to convert slurry and CO2 into dry mineral carbonates, and a recuperator for recovering additional heat. Cooled CO2 is compressed and stored or directed to a gas mixer for reuse in the SCWO process. Control systems coordinate temperature, pressure, and flow throughout the system. The configuration enables continuous waste treatment, heat recovery, and power generation from interconnected fluid and thermal streams.