A independent rotary valve engine and a method for controlling thereof includes an engine crankcase, a crankshaft located therein, a bidirectional servo motor connected to the engine crankcase, a cylinder block connected to the engine crankcase, and a cylinder head connected to the cylinder block, with a spark plug and a piston linked by a connecting rod to the crankshaft. An intake rotary valve is located within a first channel in the cylinder head, and an exhaust rotary valve is located within a parallel second channel. A pulley connects a servo motor shaft of the bidirectional servo motor to the intake rotary valve. An engine control device, operatively connected to the spark plug and the bidirectional servo motor, generates spark timing signals, receives an engine speed requirement, determines a wide-open throttle position and intake valve closing angle, and generates variable valve timing signals to rotate the servo motor shaft.

A reciprocating piston with exhaust valve suitable for power generation are disclosed. In particular, a reciprocating engine especially suited for the combustion of pressurized hydrogen gas with specific advantages that make it better suited for very large displacement engines is disclosed.

The present disclosure provides an article. The article includes an adhesive layer with two opposing surfaces. The adhesive layer includes (i) a functionalized ethylene-based polymer having a melt index from 0.1 g/10 min to 300 g/10 min; (ii) from 0.01 wt % to 45 wt % of a functionalized hydrocarbon; (iii) a tackifier; and (iv) optionally, a crosslinking agent.