A roller-lifter assembly for a cam-actuated engine, comprising a two-part roller lifter (10, 13, 16) comprising a pump actuator main body, a receiving portion extending from the main body (160, 161, 162, 163 164), and a cam follower comprising a roller assembly (31) or a flat tappet integrated to the main body and configured to follow a rotating cam of a cam-actuated (32) engine. A hydraulically-actuated capsule (200, 202, 203, 204, 205) is fitted to the receiving portion of the pump actuator, the capsule configured to rotate with respect to the pump actuator (100, 101, 102, 103, 104).

A roller-lifter assembly for a cam-actuated engine, comprising a two-part roller lifter (10, 13, 16) comprising a pump actuator main body, a receiving portion extending from the main body (160, 161, 162, 163 164), and a cam follower comprising a roller assembly (31) or a flat tappet integrated to the main body and configured to follow a rotating cam of a cam-actuated (32) engine. A hydraulically-actuated capsule (200, 202, 203, 204, 205) is fitted to the receiving portion of the pump actuator, the capsule configured to rotate with respect to the pump actuator (100, 101, 102, 103, 104).

A cam follower is provided. The cam follower includes a polycrystalline diamond element, including an engagement surface. The engagement surface of the polycrystalline diamond element is positioned on the cam follower for sliding engagement with an opposing engagement surface of a cam. The cam includes at least some of a diamond reactive material.

A cam follower is provided. The cam follower includes a polycrystalline diamond element, including an engagement surface. The engagement surface of the polycrystalline diamond element is positioned on the cam follower for sliding engagement with an opposing engagement surface of a cam. The cam includes at least some of a diamond reactive material.

A cam follower assembly includes a cam roller, and a generally cylindrical body having an outer peripheral surface configured to be reciprocally slidable within a bore of an engine component. The cam roller is rotatably mounted on the body and configured to engage with a cam lobe on a camshaft of the engine. The cam lobe is operative to drive the body to a position at which the cam follower assembly causes one of opening of a valve or actuation of a fuel injector of the engine. A groove is formed in the body inset from the outer peripheral surface and extending axially along the outer peripheral surface parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body and aligned with an axial median plane of the cam roller and the cam lobe.

A rocker arm can comprise a first outer arm and a second outer arm joined by a pivot body. An actuatable latch mechanism is within the pivot body. An inner arm assembly comprises a latch arm. A first spring prop is on the inner arm assembly distal from the latch arm. An axle joins the inner arm assembly to pivot between the first outer arm and the second outer arm. A spring is biased against the first outer arm and against the first spring prop. The first spring prop can comprise a hooked end. Or, the first spring prop can extend laterally out from the rocker arm and parallel to the axle. The spring can comprise a one-piece spring comprising first and second coil springs connected by a lateral connector. Or, two separate torsion springs can comprising tangential spring ends extending at approximately 90 degrees.

A rocker arm can comprise a first outer arm and a second outer arm joined by a pivot body. An actuatable latch mechanism is within the pivot body. An inner arm assembly comprises a latch arm. A first spring prop is on the inner arm assembly distal from the latch arm. An axle joins the inner arm assembly to pivot between the first outer arm and the second outer arm. A spring is biased against the first outer arm and against the first spring prop. The first spring prop can comprise a hooked end. Or, the first spring prop can extend laterally out from the rocker arm and parallel to the axle. The spring can comprise a one-piece spring comprising first and second coil springs connected by a lateral connector. Or, two separate torsion springs can comprising tangential spring ends extending at approximately 90 degrees.

In an exemplary embodiment, an internal combustion engine, in which a valve is opened and closed when a piston reciprocates in a cylinder, has a configuration to perform repeatedly the following combined strokes: an intake stroke.fwdarw.a compression stroke.fwdarw.a combustion stroke.fwdarw.an exhaust stroke in a four-cycle internal combustion engine are combined with an intake and compression stroke.fwdarw.a combustion and exhaust stroke in a two-cycle internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine can reduce pumping loss in a six-cycle internal combustion engine and increase the output.

In an exemplary embodiment, an internal combustion engine, in which a valve is opened and closed when a piston reciprocates in a cylinder, has a configuration to perform repeatedly the following combined strokes: an intake stroke.fwdarw.a compression stroke.fwdarw.a combustion stroke.fwdarw.an exhaust stroke in a four-cycle internal combustion engine are combined with an intake and compression stroke.fwdarw.a combustion and exhaust stroke in a two-cycle internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine can reduce pumping loss in a six-cycle internal combustion engine and increase the output.

A sliding member includes a base substrate and a coating layer formed on the base substrate. The coating layer includes a copper alloy part derived from a plurality of precipitation hardening copper alloy particles. The copper alloy parts are bonded to each other via interfaces between the copper alloy parts. The copper alloy part contains nickel and silicon as additive elements. The copper alloy part contains 2 to 5 percent by mass of nickel. A sliding member for an internal combustion engine includes the sliding member at a sliding part of the internal combustion engine.