A mechanical system, comprising a support element, a pin extending along a first axis and comprising two opposite ends, each adapted to be fitted in the support element for radial retention of the pin relative to the first axis, and a roller element movable in rotation relative to the pin around the first axis. The mechanical system includes two ribs resting on either side of the ends for axial retention of the pin along the first axis. The mechanical system can be integrated into either an injection pump or a valve actuator.

An oil passage which supplies hydraulic oil to a cylinder deactivation apparatus (CDA) that operates by hydraulic pressure may include a high pressure passage, a low pressure passage, and an orifice, all of which may be integrally formed in either a cylinder head or a cam carrier. The high pressure passage may be connected to an oil supply apparatus and receive oil therefrom. The low pressure passage may be coupled to the high pressure passage and receive pressurized oil therefrom and form a low pressure relatively lower than a pressure in the high pressure passage. The low pressure passage may be connected to supply a hydraulic pressure to the CDA. The orifice may couple the high pressure passage to the low pressure passage, communicate the high pressure passage and the low pressure passage and may be formed to supply oil from the high pressure passage to the low pressure passage.

A method of controlling an operation of an inlet valve system arranged in connection with each cylinder of an internal combustion piston engine, includes monitoring at least one parameter relating to engine load conditions, controlling using a primary control procedure an opening and closing timing of an inlet valve in response to the at least one parameter, and feeding charge air into the cylinder when the inlet valve is open. In a secondary control procedure a parameter relating to engine load conditions is measured and the closing timing of the inlet valve of the inlet valve system is controlled in response to the at least parameter independently from and with higher priority than the primary control procedure.

In a hydraulic compensation element for the valve train of an internal combustion engine, with a circular cylindrical housing (32) that has, in its bore (35), an axially movable pressure piston (36) with a reservoir (37) for oil as a hydraulic medium, a sleeve-like deflection element for oil is arranged in the interior of the pressure piston (36). The oil can be introduced through a radial feed hole of the housing (32), a rising channel (42), and an end-side opening (46) of the deflection element into the reservoir (37) of the pressure piston (36). The deflection element is constructed as a circular cylindrical inner sleeve (40) that has, on one axial end, an oversize dimension relative to the inner diameter of the pressure piston (36), and the inner sleeve (40) is fixed in the pressure piston (36) with a positive and non-positive fit connection.

In a hydraulic compensation element for the valve train of an internal combustion engine, with a circular cylindrical housing (32) that has, in its bore (35), an axially movable pressure piston (36) with a reservoir (37) for oil as a hydraulic medium, a sleeve-like deflection element for oil is arranged in the interior of the pressure piston (36). The oil can be introduced through a radial feed hole of the housing (32), a rising channel (42), and an end-side opening (46) of the deflection element into the reservoir (37) of the pressure piston (36). The deflection element is constructed as a circular cylindrical inner sleeve (40) that has, on one axial end, an oversize dimension relative to the inner diameter of the pressure piston (36), and the inner sleeve (40) is fixed in the pressure piston (36) with a positive and non-positive fit connection.

A method for producing a reduced friction sliding surface on a machine element includes applying a coating comprising amorphous carbon to a surface of the machine element and locally heating the coating with a laser. The coating is heated to a temperature below an evaporation temperature of the coating to achieve a local volumetric increase in the coating and a local increase in a layer thickness of the coating. A surface structure of the coating includes a multiplicity of elevations resulting from a local phase transformation of the coating from amorphous carbon into graphite due to the locally heating.

The disclosure relates to a valve train for an internal combustion engine and to an internal combustion engine. The valve train has an inlet valve actuation mechanism for the periodic actuation of an inlet valve of the internal combustion engine. The valve train also has a delay element, which is in contact with the inlet valve actuation mechanism and which has a hydraulic chamber for delaying a closing movement of the inlet valve by means of a hydraulic medium. The valve train has a hydraulic feed for feeding the hydraulic medium into the hydraulic chamber, the hydraulic feed having a control shaft, and the control shaft being mechanically driven by the internal combustion engine. The control shaft has an axially extended cavity for the hydraulic medium, and at least one opening for intermittently feeding the hydraulic medium from the cavity to the hydraulic chamber.

A tubular structure comprises a first end and a second end, a cylindrical outer structure, and at least one inner cavity defined by the cylindrical outer structure and the first and second ends. The first and second ends each include a recess and a cap press fit within the recess. The caps provide a connection point for the ends of the tubular structure. Each end includes a vent in fluid communication with the inner cavity during manufacturing of the tubular structure, prior to insertion of the caps. An isotropic internal support structure extends longitudinally between the ends within the cylindrical outer structure and defines an oil flow channel extending through the tubular structure, each cap includes a cap orifice aligned with the oil flow channel, and the cylindrical outer structure, the first and second ends, and the internal support structure are continuously and unitarily formed.

A system and method for mechanically timed cylinder deactivation includes an inner passage in the camshaft that supplies fluid for deactivating one or more valve opening mechanisms associated with the cylinders of an internal combustion engine.

A system and method for mechanically timed cylinder deactivation includes an inner passage in the camshaft that supplies fluid for deactivating one or more valve opening mechanisms associated with the cylinders of an internal combustion engine.