A cam and follower apparatus adapted to translate the force of a piston to turn the shaft of an engine. The cam profile is made of three intersecting circles allowing for one follower to be near top dead center while another follower is near bottom dead center. The surface of the follower is a circle which shares the same center point and radius with the circles of the cam profile. The surface of the follower also closely intersects the axis of the follower preventing the follower from spinning like a roller follower. The follower can therefore spread the force from the piston to a wider area on the cam for longevity.

The present disclosure provides a system and a method for controlling valve timing of a continuous variable valve duration. The method may include: classifying a plurality of control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine speed; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve in a first control region; maintaining the maximum duration of the intake valve and controlling the exhaust valve to reach a maximum duration in a second control region; advancing intake valve closing (IVC) timing and exhaust valve closing (EVC) timing in a third control region; controlling the IVC timing to be close to bottom dead center (BDC) in a fourth control region; controlling a throttle valve to be fully opened and controlling the IVC timing to an angle after BDC in a fifth control region; and controlling the throttle valve to be fully opened and advancing the IVC timing in a sixth control region.

The present disclosure provides a system and a method for controlling valve timing of a continuous variable valve duration. The method may include: classifying a plurality of control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine speed; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve in a first control region; maintaining the maximum duration of the intake valve and controlling the exhaust valve to reach a maximum duration in a second control region; advancing intake valve closing (IVC) timing and exhaust valve closing (EVC) timing in a third control region; controlling the IVC timing to be close to bottom dead center (BDC) in a fourth control region; controlling a throttle valve to be fully opened and controlling the IVC timing to an angle after BDC in a fifth control region; and controlling the throttle valve to be fully opened and advancing the IVC timing in a sixth control region.

The method for controlling valve timing of an engine includes: classifying control regions; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and a long duration to an exhaust valve in a first control region; advancing Intake Valve Closing timing, applying the long duration to the exhaust valve, and maintaining a maximum valve overlap in a second control region; applying the long duration to the exhaust valve and advancing the IVC timing and Exhaust Valve Closing timing in a third control region; applying a short duration to the exhaust valve and controlling the EVC timing in a fourth control region; controlling a throttle valve, applying the short duration to the exhaust valve, and retarding Exhaust Valve Opening timing in a fifth control region; and controlling the throttle valve and the EVC timing, applying the long duration to the exhaust valve, advancing the EVO timing in a sixth control region.

The method for controlling valve timing of an engine includes: classifying control regions; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and a long duration to an exhaust valve in a first control region; advancing Intake Valve Closing timing, applying the long duration to the exhaust valve, and maintaining a maximum valve overlap in a second control region; applying the long duration to the exhaust valve and advancing the IVC timing and Exhaust Valve Closing timing in a third control region; applying a short duration to the exhaust valve and controlling the EVC timing in a fourth control region; controlling a throttle valve, applying the short duration to the exhaust valve, and retarding Exhaust Valve Opening timing in a fifth control region; and controlling the throttle valve and the EVC timing, applying the long duration to the exhaust valve, advancing the EVO timing in a sixth control region.

The present disclosure provides a system and a method for controlling valve timing of a continuous variable valve duration. The method may include: classifying a plurality of control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine speed; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve in a first control region; maintaining the maximum duration of the intake valve and controlling the exhaust valve to reach a maximum duration in a second control region; advancing intake valve closing (IVC) timing and exhaust valve closing (EVC) timing in a third control region; controlling the IVC timing to be close to bottom dead center (BDC) in a fourth control region; controlling a throttle valve to be fully opened and controlling the IVC timing to an angle after BDC in a fifth control region; and controlling the throttle valve to be fully opened and advancing the IVC timing in a sixth control region.