A lubrication system for extending times period between changing engine lubricant may include a tank and a lubricant exchange apparatus. The lubricant exchange apparatus may comprise a first pump in fluid communication with the engine and the tank to transfer lubricant from the lubricant collection element to the tank, a second pump in fluid communication with the tank for transferring lubricant from the tank to the engine, and a control element configured to cause the first pump to operate to remove lubricant from the lubricant collection element. The control element may be configured to cause the second pump to operate to remove a quantity of lubricant from the tank and transfer the quantity to the engine.

A network device that is used in a mobile communication system that supports cellular communication in which a data path passes through a core network, and D2D communication that is direct device-to-device communication in which a data path does not pass through the core network, comprises: a control unit that sets a D2D radio resource that is ensured for the D2D communication from radio resources be available to the mobile communication system. The control unit changes an amount of the D2D radio resource such that the D2D radio resource reaches an appropriate amount.

A network device that is used in a mobile communication system that supports cellular communication in which a data path passes through a core network, and D2D communication that is direct device-to-device communication in which a data path does not pass through the core network, comprises: a control unit that sets a D2D radio resource that is ensured for the D2D communication from radio resources be available to the mobile communication system. The control unit changes an amount of the D2D radio resource such that the D2D radio resource reaches an appropriate amount.

An oil storage and filtration system for an engine unit includes an on/off valve that defines an operating phase when receiving supply air and in an on position and a standby phase when in an off position or not receiving the supply air. The system also includes a fill/drain valve that defines a drain state and a fill state which respectively correspond to emptying and filling oil from/into the engine unit. The system also includes a control valve, a pressure/vacuum valve, and a storage tank. The storage tank stores oil in a pressurized condition during the fill state, a vacuum condition during the drain state, and an atmospheric condition during the standby phase. The also includes a vacuum generator in fluid communication with the storage tank during the drain state and fluidly isolated from the storage tank during the fill state.

An oil storage and filtration system for an engine unit includes an on/off valve that defines an operating phase when receiving supply air and in an on position and a standby phase when in an off position or not receiving the supply air. The system also includes a fill/drain valve that defines a drain state and a fill state which respectively correspond to emptying and filling oil from/into the engine unit. The system also includes a control valve, a pressure/vacuum valve, and a storage tank. The storage tank stores oil in a pressurized condition during the fill state, a vacuum condition during the drain state, and an atmospheric condition during the standby phase. The also includes a vacuum generator in fluid communication with the storage tank during the drain state and fluidly isolated from the storage tank during the fill state.

An axle assembly that includes a housing assembly and a dipstick assembly. The housing assembly may at least partially define a cavity that receives a lubricant. At least a portion of the dipstick assembly may be removably mountable to the housing assembly and may include a fitting and a dipstick.

There are described systems and methods for annunciating engine lubricating fluid level. The system comprises a first fluid level sensor for a first engine; a first low-level detector coupled to the first fluid level sensor; a first low-level indicator coupled to the first low-level detector for annunciating a fluid level of the first engine below a minimum operating level; and an annunciation and display system coupled to the first low-level detector and configured for performing non-critical lubricant-related functions. The first fluid level sensor, the first low-level detector, and the first low-level indicator are composed of first components having a critical level of reliability, the annunciation and display system is composed of second components having a non-critical level of reliability.

There are described systems and methods for annunciating engine lubricating fluid level. The system comprises a first fluid level sensor for a first engine; a first low-level detector coupled to the first fluid level sensor; a first low-level indicator coupled to the first low-level detector for annunciating a fluid level of the first engine below a minimum operating level; and an annunciation and display system coupled to the first low-level detector and configured for performing non-critical lubricant-related functions. The first fluid level sensor, the first low-level detector, and the first low-level indicator are composed of first components having a critical level of reliability, the annunciation and display system is composed of second components having a non-critical level of reliability.

An auxiliary power unit (APU) oil quantity indication system and method provides a stable and accurate oil quantity indication during startup, mission duration and shutdown. The system determines a gulp value at various stages of operation, which is combined with a raw oil quantity indication to provide an indicated oil quantity.

There is provided a work machine. A reserving chamber reserves lubricating oil to be supplied to an engine. A channel forming member forms a channel of the lubricating oil from the reserving chamber to the engine A press-feed unit press-feeds the lubricating oil reserved in the reserving chamber to the engine via the channel forming member. A float floats on an oil surface of the lubricating oil reserved in the reserving chamber A detection unit provided in the reserving chamber and detects the float A determination unit determines a tilt state of the reserving chamber based on a detection result of the detection unit A control unit controls the press-feed unit based on a determination result of the determination unit.