The present invention relates to a process for clean sailing of marine ship, comprising steps of: a) scrubbing exhaust gas of engine with seawater to generate scrubbing seawater; b) disposing of the scrubbing seawater in an open loop operation mode, including neutralizing the scrubbing seawater in an open loop operation mode; and/or c) disposing of the scrubbing seawater in a closed loop operation mode, including: i) storing the scrubbing seawater in a storage container; and ii) neutralizing the scrubbing seawater in a closed loop operation mode. The present invention also relates to a ship. The purpose of the present invention is to maintain the unique advantages of economy and environmental protection of marine ships to fulfill the global regulations of the United Nations on ship sulfur limit while safe sailing is ensured.

The present invention relates to a process for clean sailing of marine ship, comprising steps of: a) scrubbing exhaust gas of engine with seawater to generate scrubbing seawater; b) disposing of the scrubbing seawater in an open loop operation mode, including neutralizing the scrubbing seawater in an open loop operation mode; and/or c) disposing of the scrubbing seawater in a closed loop operation mode, including: i) storing the scrubbing seawater in a storage container; and ii) neutralizing the scrubbing seawater in a closed loop operation mode. The present invention also relates to a ship. The purpose of the present invention is to maintain the unique advantages of economy and environmental protection of marine ships to fulfill the global regulations of the United Nations on ship sulfur limit while safe sailing is ensured.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method, a system, and an apparatus are presented for mediating ambiance outputs among a plurality of users located in a common area. In some implementations, said ambiance outputs can be adaptive or interactive shared digital works. In other implementations, said ambiance outputs can be shared mediated augmented reality. In other implementations, said ambiance outputs can be the result of hierarchical schemes and algorithms. In another embodiment a method, system, and apparatus is presented for extracting and/or storing previously tagged items from a digital work.

A system includes an engine defining a water jacket fluidly coupled to a heat exchanger. An exhaust manifold defines an exhaust manifold cooling passage. A pump is fluidly coupled to the water jacket, and to each of the heat exchanger and the exhaust manifold cooling passage. An engine cooling circuit includes the water jacket, the heat exchanger, and the pump. An exhaust cooling circuit is selectively fluidly coupled to the engine cooling circuit. The exhaust cooling circuit includes the water jacket, the exhaust manifold cooling passage, and the pump. A control valve includes an inlet fluidly coupled to a first portion of the water jacket. A first outlet is fluidly coupled to a second portion of the water jacket. A second outlet is fluidly coupled to the exhaust cooling circuit. The control valve is structured to selectively control flow of coolant fluid through the second outlet.

In a heat exchanger installed on an intake path or exhaust path of an internal combustion engine and configured to cool gas by transferring heat between the gas containing exhaust and refrigerant, a water-repellent portion is formed at part of a portion that contacts the gas in a gas path through which the gas flows, and a hydrophilic portion is formed at another part of the portion. The water-repellent portion is a portion provided with water-repellent treatment. The hydrophilic portion is a portion provided with hydrophilic treatment. The hydrophilic portion is formed at a part having a temperature lower than the temperature of the part at which the water-repellent portion is formed while the heat exchanger is actuated.

A cylinder head is disclosed herein to allow for temperature control of exhaust gases exiting from an associated exhaust manifold. The cylinder head includes a combustion section that defines a plurality of combustion chambers and an exhaust manifold coupled to the combustion section. The combustion section fluidly couples to exhaust inlets defined by the exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold includes at least one exhaust passageway in fluid communication with the exhaust inlets and in fluid communication with an exhaust outlet to receive combustion gases from the combustion section and output the same via the exhaust outlet. The exhaust manifold further includes at least one coolant passageway that at least partially surrounds the at least one exhaust passageway to pass coolant therethrough in order to draw and reject heat from exhaust gases.

An outboard motor that significantly reduces or prevents discoloration around an exhaust hole includes an engine, a drive shaft, a propeller shaft, a housing, a discharge passage, and non-metal covers. The housing includes a discharge outlet to discharge an exhaust gas of the engine and the cooling water of the engine. The discharge passage guides the exhaust gas and the cooling water from the engine toward the discharge outlet. The covers are detachably attached to the housing so as to cover the discharge outlet and include at least one exhaust opening.

Operating an engine system includes feeding a flow of exhaust to a turbine in a turbocharger, receiving a load step request, and increasing a speed of rotation of the turbocharger based on an increase in a fueling rate initiated in response to the load step request. Operating the engine system further includes limiting dissipation of heat energy of the flow of exhaust to the turbine to hasten an increase in the speed of rotation of the turbocharger, and increasing dissipation of heat energy from the flow of exhaust after satisfaction of the load step request. Varying of the dissipation of heat energy can be achieved by displacing an insulating fluid in the exhaust manifold with a heat exchange fluid such as water and/or engine coolant.

This oil case of an outboard motor is provided below an engine and stores lubricating oil of the engine. In this method for manufacturing the oil case, the oil case is manufactured so as to comprise: an oil chamber; an introduction path that guides upward cooling supply water drawn in from outside the outboard motor; a delivery path that guides downward cooling discharge water that has cooled the engine; a main exhaust path that guides exhaust gas of the engine downward; and a sub exhaust path that guides exhaust gas during low-speed rotation of the engine. The oil chamber, the introduction path, the delivery path, the main exhaust path and the sub exhaust path form an integral structure.

This oil case of an outboard motor is provided below an engine and stores lubricating oil of the engine. In this method for manufacturing the oil case, the oil case is manufactured so as to comprise: an oil chamber; an introduction path that guides upward cooling supply water drawn in from outside the outboard motor; a delivery path that guides downward cooling discharge water that has cooled the engine; a main exhaust path that guides exhaust gas of the engine downward; and a sub exhaust path that guides exhaust gas during low-speed rotation of the engine. The oil chamber, the introduction path, the delivery path, the main exhaust path and the sub exhaust path form an integral structure.