The current invention consists of a method and device that is coated with at least one predeposited photocatalyst to reduce or eliminate exhaust emissions and powered by a thermoelectric generator. The method and device comprises a light source emitting sufficient light between 10 nm and 700 nm for the photocatalyst coating and a means to attach said method and device to the source of exhaust emissions.

A controller for an internal combustion engine may comprise a first assignment unit, an observer, a calibration unit, and a second assignment unit. The first assignment unit may determine cylinder-specific measurement signals as a function of the measurement signal from a lambda probe. The observer may include a sensor model of the lambda probe arranged in a feedback branch of the observer. The calibration unit may impress a predefined interference pattern made of cylinder-specific mixture differences and adapt, in reaction to the respectively predefined interference pattern as a function of the observer output variables related to the respective cylinders, an assignment rule between the measurement signal of the lambda probe and a lambda signal. The second assignment unit may carry out, by means of the assignment rule, an assignment between the measurement signal and the lambda signal.

A method of expecting N.sub.2O generation according to oxidation of NH.sub.3 in an SDPF according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include measuring an initial NH.sub.3 absorption amount in the SDPF, determining a first middle NH=3 absorption amount by subtracting an NH.sub.3 slip amount in the SDPF from the initial NH.sub.3 absorption amount in the SDPF, determining a second middle NH.sub.3 absorption amount by subtracting an NH.sub.3 amount oxidizing to NO.sub.x and N.sub.2 from the first middle NH.sub.3 absorption amount, determining N.sub.2O generation amount in the SDPF, and determining a final NH.sub.3 absorption amount in the SDPF by subtracting the N.sub.2O generation amount from the second middle NH.sub.3 absorption amount.

An aftertreatment system includes an inlet exhaust section, an outlet exhaust section, a first aftertreatment component, a first dosing module, and a second dosing module. The inlet exhaust section receives exhaust. The outlet exhaust section is in fluid communication with the inlet exhaust section. The first aftertreatment component receives the exhaust from the inlet exhaust section, treats the exhaust, and provides the exhaust to the outlet exhaust section. The first dosing module is positioned along the inlet exhaust section. The first dosing module is structured to selectively dose the exhaust with reductant. The second dosing module is positioned along the outlet exhaust section. The second dosing module is structured to selectively dose the exhaust with the reductant.

Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing palladium oxides dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature (from about 400 C. to about 650 C.), direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, PdO may be dispersed on a surface of a metal oxide support, such as Co.sub.3O.sub.4 spinel oxide, synthesized using wet impregnation techniques. The PdO/Co.sub.3O.sub.4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N.sub.2O product.

Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing palladium oxides dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature (from about 400 C. to about 650 C.), direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, PdO may be dispersed on a surface of a metal oxide support, such as Co.sub.3O.sub.4 spinel oxide, synthesized using wet impregnation techniques. The PdO/Co.sub.3O.sub.4 catalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable N.sub.2O product.

The current invention consists of a method and device that is coated with at least one predeposited photocatalyst to reduce or eliminate exhaust emissions and powered by a thermoelectric generator. The method and device comprises a light source emitting sufficient light between 10 nm and 700 nm for the photocatalyst coating and a means to attach said method and device to the source of exhaust emissions.

A dosing module for an aftertreatment system includes: a housing; a dosing cartridge removably inserted in the housing, the dosing cartridge including a needle assembly; a cover coupled to the housing, the cover covering the dosing cartridge; an inlet port inserted in the housing, the inlet port configured to receive reductant and provide the reductant to the dosing cartridge; and a filter screw coupled to the inlet port such that the filter screw is interchangeable, the filter screw including a pin, the filter screw being compressible to provide compensation for fluid expansion.

An oxidation catalyst is described for treating an exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine. The oxidation catalyst comprises a washcoat region disposed on a substrate, wherein the washcoat region comprises a mixture of: platinum (Pt) supported on a first support material; and ruthenium (Ru).

An oxidation catalyst is described for treating hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises a region disposed on a substrate, wherein the region comprises ruthenium (Ru) supported on a support material comprising a refractory oxide.