An open loop cooling water system is for a marine engine. A cooling water inlet receives cooling water from a body of water. A cooling water outlet discharges the cooling water back to the body of water. A cooling water circuit conveys cooling water from the cooling water inlet, through the marine engine, and to the cooling water outlet. A cooling water pump that pumps cooling water from upstream to downstream through the cooling water circuit. A recirculation pump that is located in the cooling water circuit downstream of at least one component of the marine engine and upstream of the cooling water outlet. The recirculation pump is configured to pump cooling water from downstream of the marine engine back into the cooling water circuit upstream of the marine engine. Methods are for cooling a marine engine using an open loop cooling system.

An open loop cooling water system is for a marine engine. A cooling water inlet receives cooling water from a body of water. A cooling water outlet discharges the cooling water back to the body of water. A cooling water circuit conveys cooling water from the cooling water inlet, through the marine engine, and to the cooling water outlet. A cooling water pump that pumps cooling water from upstream to downstream through the cooling water circuit. A recirculation pump that is located in the cooling water circuit downstream of at least one component of the marine engine and upstream of the cooling water outlet. The recirculation pump is configured to pump cooling water from downstream of the marine engine back into the cooling water circuit upstream of the marine engine. Methods are for cooling a marine engine using an open loop cooling system.

An oil supply structure of a water-cooled internal combustion engine includes an oil cooler for improving oil circulation efficiency by making an oil passage of a lubrication system short. In addition, weight of the oil cooler is reduced by reducing the number of parts. The oil supply structure of a water-cooled internal combustion engine includes an oil pump drive shaft of an oil pump that is coaxially coupled with one end of a balancer shaft placed parallel with a crankshaft and a water pump drive shaft of a water pump that is coaxially coupled with the other end of the balancer shaft. In the oil supply structure, an oil cooler is provided in the vicinity of the oil pump together with an oil filter.

A cooling structure of a multi-cylinder engine is provided. The engine has cylinders and a cylinder block formed with a cylinder bore wall. The cooling structure includes a water jacket formed in the cylinder block and defined by the cylinder bore wall and a jacket outer surface surrounding the cylinder bore wall, a water pump for feeding a coolant to the water jacket, an introduction portion formed in the cylinder block, having an introduction port opening to the jacket outer surface, and for introducing the coolant to the water jacket, and a spacer member accommodated inside the water jacket. The spacer member has a spacer main body surrounding the cylinder bore wall, and a dividing wall protruding toward the jacket outer surface from an outer circumferential surface of the spacer main body. The dividing wall extends in a circumferential direction at a position opposing the introduction port.

A method for the control of a hydraulic system of a motor vehicle is provided. A high-pressure branch is fed by a main oil pump which is driven by an internal combustion engine. The high-pressure branch or a low-pressure branch is fed by an additional oil pump depending on a switch position of a switching valve. The additional oil pump is used for feeding the high-pressure branch or the low-pressure branch depending on a total volume flow demand and on the volume flow available from the main oil pump. A nominal rotation speed of an electric motor which drives the additional oil pump is determined based on a volume flow balance, a valve status of the switching valve, a low-pressure pump map or a high-pressure pump map. Depending on the valve status, either the low-pressure pump map or the high-pressure pump map is used to determine the nominal rotation speed.

A method for the control of a hydraulic system of a motor vehicle is provided. A high-pressure branch is fed by a main oil pump which is driven by an internal combustion engine. The high-pressure branch or a low-pressure branch is fed by an additional oil pump depending on a switch position of a switching valve. The additional oil pump is used for feeding the high-pressure branch or the low-pressure branch depending on a total volume flow demand and on the volume flow available from the main oil pump. A nominal rotation speed of an electric motor which drives the additional oil pump is determined based on a volume flow balance, a valve status of the switching valve, a low-pressure pump map or a high-pressure pump map. Depending on the valve status, either the low-pressure pump map or the high-pressure pump map is used to determine the nominal rotation speed.

An engine is provided with a cylinder head defining a coolant jacket therein that is formed from a series of passages interconnected by a series of curved junctions to direct coolant about spark plugs, exhaust valves, and an integrated exhaust manifold in the head. The cooling jacket has a first longitudinal passage with an annular section about a spark plug, a second longitudinal passage with an annular section about an exhaust valve, and a third passage surrounding an integrated exhaust manifold and fluidly connecting the first and second passages. The first passage has a continuously decreasing area and the second passage has a continuously increasing area in a direction of coolant flow.

An engine is provided with a cylinder head defining a coolant jacket therein that is formed from a series of passages interconnected by a series of curved junctions to direct coolant about spark plugs, exhaust valves, and an integrated exhaust manifold in the head. The cooling jacket has a first longitudinal passage with an annular section about a spark plug, a second longitudinal passage with an annular section about an exhaust valve, and a third passage surrounding an integrated exhaust manifold and fluidly connecting the first and second passages. The first passage has a continuously decreasing area and the second passage has a continuously increasing area in a direction of coolant flow.

A method of providing coolant to an electric battery for powering a drive train of an electric vehicle is provided. The method includes providing coolant from a coolant source off-board the electric vehicle at a first rate to cool the electric battery during recharging of the electric battery; and circulating coolant through a coolant loop on-board the electric vehicle at a second rate less than the first rate to cool the electric battery after the recharging of the electric battery.

A method of providing coolant to an electric battery for powering a drive train of an electric vehicle is provided. The method includes providing coolant from a coolant source off-board the electric vehicle at a first rate to cool the electric battery during recharging of the electric battery; and circulating coolant through a coolant loop on-board the electric vehicle at a second rate less than the first rate to cool the electric battery after the recharging of the electric battery.