Systems and methods are provided for determining a temperature of a thermal system that includes fluid conduits. A sensor monitors a current state of the temperature. A controller receives a signal from the sensor that is representative of the current state; determines a flow in the fluid conduits; determines a noise covariance of the thermal system; processes a thermal model of the thermal system; predicts a next-step state of the parameter at a time after the current state; and corrects the next-step state based, at least in-part, on the noise covariance resulting in a corrected next-step state.

A method of identifying air flow faults within a cooling system of an automobile comprises measuring the temperature of coolant entering a heat exchanger for the cooling system, measuring the temperature of coolant leaving the heat exchanger, and measuring the temperature of ambient air that is flowing into the heat exchanger, calculating Actual Delta T by subtracting the temperature of coolant leaving the heat exchanger from the temperature of coolant entering the heat exchanger, calculating Expected Delta T, wherein Expected Delta T is a pre-determined value of an expected difference between the temperature of the coolant entering the heat exchanger and the temperature of the coolant leaving the heat exchanger, calculating Effective Delta T by subtracting Expected Delta T from Actual Delta T, and identifying a fault in the air flow through the heat exchanger based on the value of Effective Delta T.

A vehicle propulsion system includes an engine having a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, a coolant pump having an outlet in communication with the engine coolant inlet, a pressure sensor in fluid communication with the engine coolant outlet and that generates a pressure signal indicative of a pressure in the engine coolant outlet, and a controller in communication with the pressure sensor and the coolant pump. The controller is programmed to control a flow of coolant through the engine from the coolant pump based upon the pressure signal.

A method of identifying air flow faults within a cooling system of an automobile comprises measuring the temperature of coolant entering a heat exchanger for the cooling system, measuring the temperature of coolant leaving the heat exchanger, and measuring the temperature of ambient air that is flowing into the heat exchanger, calculating Actual Delta T by subtracting the temperature of coolant leaving the heat exchanger from the temperature of coolant entering the heat exchanger, calculating Expected Delta T, wherein Expected Delta T is a pre-determined value of an expected difference between the temperature of the coolant entering the heat exchanger and the temperature of the coolant leaving the heat exchanger, calculating Effective Delta T by subtracting Expected Delta T from Actual Delta T, and identifying a fault in the air flow through the heat exchanger based on the value of Effective Delta T.

A machine has a power source and a cooling system configured to circulate coolant between the power source and a heat exchanger. The cooling system has a first sensor configured to sense an ambient temperature and provide a first signal indicative of the ambient temperature and a second sensor configured to sense an actual temperature of the coolant and to provide a second signal indicative of the actual coolant temperature. The cooling system has a controller in communication with the first and second sensors to receive the first and second signals. The controller is configured to calculate, based on the ambient temperature and on a model for the heat exchanger, a predicted coolant temperature, and to compare the predicted coolant temperature to the actual coolant temperature. The controller is further configured to provide an alert based at least in part on the comparison.

A machine has a power source and a cooling system configured to circulate coolant between the power source and a heat exchanger. The cooling system has a first sensor configured to sense an ambient temperature and provide a first signal indicative of the ambient temperature and a second sensor configured to sense an actual temperature of the coolant and to provide a second signal indicative of the actual coolant temperature. The cooling system has a controller in communication with the first and second sensors to receive the first and second signals. The controller is configured to calculate, based on the ambient temperature and on a model for the heat exchanger, a predicted coolant temperature, and to compare the predicted coolant temperature to the actual coolant temperature. The controller is further configured to provide an alert based at least in part on the comparison.

The separation efficiency of carbon dioxide is improved by making the temperature of exhaust gas further low. An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a first heat exchanger arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and configured to carry out heat exchange between outside air and exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, a second heat exchanger arranged in the exhaust passage and configured to carry out heat exchange between a circulating heating medium and the exhaust gas, and a carbon dioxide separator arranged in the exhaust passage at the downstream side of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger and configured to separate carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas.

A cooling system includes a motor block, a radiator provided with a fan, a pump with an electrical motor to pump the coolant in a cooling circuit, a first temperature sensor at the outlet of the motor block, a second temperature sensor at the outlet of the radiator, a control unit-connected to the temperature sensors and to the electrical motor of the pump to actuate the electrical motor of the pump according to the temperature values detected by the sensor temperatures.

A cooling system for a vehicle, includes a first cooling circuit including a first coolant passage and a first pump. The first pump is provided in the first coolant passage to circulate coolant in the first cooling circuit so as to cool a first device to a first temperature. A second cooling circuit includes a second coolant passage and a second pump. The second pump is provided in the second coolant passage to circulate coolant in the second cooling circuit so as to cool a second device to a second temperature. The second temperature is lower than the first temperature. The coolant introduction passage connects the first cooling circuit and a connected portion of the second cooling circuit between the second device and a second radiator and upstream of the second device to supply the coolant in the first cooling circuit to the second cooling circuit.

A method for controlling a cooling system delivering coolant to a heat exchanger (18) in a vehicle (1). During operating conditions when a thermostat (6) in the cooling system is in the partly open position, the method comprises the steps of estimating a desired cooling temperature (T) of a medium in the heat exchanger (18), calculating the coolant flow rate ({dot over (m)}.sub.1) through a radiator (7b) and the coolant flow rate ({dot over (m)}.sub.2) through a radiator bypass line (9), calculating a coolant flow rate ({dot over (m)}.sub.3) and coolant temperature (t.sub.3) combination at 10 at which the medium in the heat exchanger (18) is cooled to a desired temperature (T), adjusting the flow regulating mechanism (23) such that coolant at the selected flow rate ({dot over (m)}.sub.3) and temperature (t.sub.3) combination is directed to the heat exchanger (18).