A control system of a compression-ignition engine is provided, which includes an engine configured to cause combustion of a mixture gas inside the combustion chamber, an injector attached to the engine and configured to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, a spark plug disposed to be oriented into the combustion chamber and configured to ignite the mixture gas inside the combustion chamber, and a controller connected to the injector and the spark plug and configured to operate the engine by outputting a control signal to the injector and the spark plug, respectively. After the spark plug ignites the mixture gas to start combustion, unburned mixture gas combusts by self-ignition. The controller outputs the control signal to the injector so that a fuel injection timing is advanced when the engine operates at a high speed than at a low speed.

In a high-pressure pump, a center of load in a virtual plane including an end face of a coil spring facing a pressurizing chamber in an axial direction is defined as an upper load center, and a center of load in a virtual plane including an end face of the coil spring facing a cam in the axial direction is defined as a lower load center. The coil spring is configured such that, when viewed in the axial direction, during motion of a plunger toward the pressurizing chamber by rotation of the cam, the upper load center moves in one direction along a circumference of the coil spring while the lower load center moves in an opposite direction along the circumference of the coil spring, and the lower load center substantially coincides with the upper load center and subsequently further moves in the opposite direction.

A split-cycle engine includes: a first cylinder housing a first piston, wherein the first piston performs an intake stroke and a compression stroke, but does not perform an exhaust stroke; a second cylinder housing a second piston, wherein the second piston performs an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, but does not perform an intake stroke; and a valve chamber housing a valve, the valve comprising an internal chamber that selectively fluidly couples to the first and second cylinders, wherein the valve and internal chamber move within the valve chamber and relative to the first and second cylinders.

A split-cycle engine includes: a first cylinder housing a first piston, wherein the first piston performs an intake stroke and a compression stroke, but does not perform an exhaust stroke; a second cylinder housing a second piston, wherein the second piston performs an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, but does not perform an intake stroke; and a valve chamber housing a valve, the valve comprising an internal chamber that selectively fluidly couples to the first and second cylinders, wherein the valve and internal chamber move within the valve chamber and relative to the first and second cylinders.

An apparatus comprises a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit is structured to determine that a combustion cylinder is operating in a transition period between an exhaust stroke and an intake stroke of the combustion cylinder. The second circuit is structured to provide an injection command during the transition period to a fuel injector associated with the combustion cylinder, the injection command being to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder such that at least a portion of the fuel escapes from the combustion chamber through an exhaust port of the combustion cylinder.

An apparatus comprises a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit is structured to determine that a combustion cylinder is operating in a transition period between an exhaust stroke and an intake stroke of the combustion cylinder. The second circuit is structured to provide an injection command during the transition period to a fuel injector associated with the combustion cylinder, the injection command being to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder such that at least a portion of the fuel escapes from the combustion chamber through an exhaust port of the combustion cylinder.

Embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods of operating internal combustion (IC) engines by combusting various fuel chemistries therein. Specifically, engines described herein can operate a wide range of fuel chemistries with varying molecular formulas. The chemical compositions of the fuels described herein make them more difficult to ignite than long chain hydrocarbons (i.e., fuels that include 6 or more carbon atoms in a molecule). In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust fuels that have the chemical properties of alcohols. In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust fuels that include hydroxide groups. Examples of such fuels include methanol and/or ethanol. In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust natural gas. These fuel chemistries are difficult to ignite, particularly at low temperatures and during initial engine startup. Systems and methods described herein address these ignition difficulties, particularly in diesel engine architectures.

A portable flexible fuel generator, having an engine, includes: a cylinder and a spark plug in the cylinder, a primary fuel tank fluidly connected to the cylinder, an air intake path fluidly connecting atmosphere to the cylinder, a start module including a starting fuel tank holder and a starting fuel line, where the starting fuel line is fluidly connected to the air intake path, a coolant path which provide a flow path for coolant to cool the cylinder, and a thermal controller along the coolant path. Furthermore, the engine has full cylinder cooling.

A hybrid combustion mode of an internal combustion engine and a controller thereof, an internal combustion engine, and an automobile. The hybrid combustion mode of an internal combustion engine comprises: directly injecting fuel in a cylinder, using ignition combustion control when the internal combustion engine is started, and increasing the inlet temperature and inlet pressure by using a turbocharger; using homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode when the internal combustion engine is run, and except when the engine flames out, opening all throttles, not performing exhaust relief control on the turbocharger, increasing filled gas amount by using the turbocharger, and increasing the combustion temperature and pressure of a tail end of a cylinder compression stroke; and when the internal combustion engine is low in load, or when it cannot be determined, through the temperature of a water tank and the inlet pressure behind the throttle, that a compression ignition condition is met, switching a combustion control mode from ignition to compression ignition, if a compression ignition state can be switched to smoothly, maintaining the compression ignition combustion mode, and if the compression ignition state cannot be switched to smoothly and therefore the rotation speed of the engine decreases abnormally, quickly recovering the ignition combustion control mode. Cool start of low-octane gasoline internal combustion engine in a low-temperature environment can be implemented.

A hybrid combustion mode of an internal combustion engine and a controller thereof, an internal combustion engine, and an automobile. The hybrid combustion mode of an internal combustion engine comprises: directly injecting fuel in a cylinder, using ignition combustion control when the internal combustion engine is started, and increasing the inlet temperature and inlet pressure by using a turbocharger; using homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode when the internal combustion engine is run, and except when the engine flames out, opening all throttles, not performing exhaust relief control on the turbocharger, increasing filled gas amount by using the turbocharger, and increasing the combustion temperature and pressure of a tail end of a cylinder compression stroke; and when the internal combustion engine is low in load, or when it cannot be determined, through the temperature of a water tank and the inlet pressure behind the throttle, that a compression ignition condition is met, switching a combustion control mode from ignition to compression ignition, if a compression ignition state can be switched to smoothly, maintaining the compression ignition combustion mode, and if the compression ignition state cannot be switched to smoothly and therefore the rotation speed of the engine decreases abnormally, quickly recovering the ignition combustion control mode. Cool start of low-octane gasoline internal combustion engine in a low-temperature environment can be implemented.