A compression ignition internal combustion engine includes: a cylinder block and a cylinder head; a piston including a cavity that defines a combustion chamber in cooperation with the cylinder block and the cylinder head; and a nozzle for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber.

A piston for an internal combustion engine is provided. The piston includes a piston bowl defined by a floor surface and a rim wall extending from an outer periphery of the floor surface in a system vertical direction to circumferential surround the floor surface. The piston bowl includes a center portion that extends above the floor surface. A plurality of protrusions extend radially from the center portion and from the floor surface and are spaced apart such that a spray guide is formed between each of the spaced apart plurality of protrusions. Each of the plurality of protrusions and spray guides are tapered so to terminate prior to the rim wall such that a continuous radius portion is formed from a portion of the rim wall and a portion of the floor surface beyond a respective terminating portion of each of the plurality of protrusions and spray guides.

A fuel injector, comprising a nozzle body having a proximal end and a distal end, an upper row of nozzle holes being equally spaced about a first circumference of the nozzle body, and a lower row of nozzle holes located between the distal end and the upper row of nozzle holes, wherein the upper row has a first number of holes that is greater than a second number of holes in the lower row and wherein one of the first number of holes and the second number of holes is odd.

A method for operating an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle having a cylinder, the combustion chamber of which is delimited in the radial direction by a cylinder wall and in the axial direction by a piston and by a combustion chamber roof. The piston has an annularly peripheral piston stage which is arranged axially recessed in the piston compared with an annularly peripheral piston crown and which merges via an annularly jet splitter contour into a piston hollow arranged axially recessed in the piston in relation to the piston stage. An injector is allocated to the cylinder and via the injector several injection jets are simultaneously injected directly into the combustion chamber in a star shape for a combustion process.

The present disclosure relates to a combustion chamber of a diesel engine, which has a recessed combustion bowl to mix fuel injected from an injector with air, the combustion chamber including: a cylinder head which has the injector mounted thereto and is positioned at an upper side of the combustion bowl; a cylinder block which is positioned at a lower side of the cylinder head; and a piston which moves upward and downward in the cylinder block and faces the cylinder head, in which a plurality of radial inducers is provided on a bottom surface of the cylinder head around the injector.

Pistons for opposed-piston engines include an interior annular cooling gallery. The gallery is provided with inlet and drain passageways constructed to shield a jet of liquid coolant entering the gallery, thereby reducing interference between the incoming jet and liquid coolant circulating in the gallery.

Pistons for opposed-piston engines include an interior annular cooling gallery. The gallery is provided with inlet and drain passageways constructed to shield a jet of liquid coolant entering the gallery, thereby reducing interference between the incoming jet and liquid coolant circulating in the gallery.

The present invention discloses an apparatus for optimizing the fuel/air mixing process of an internal combustion engine. The bottom surface of the cylinder head is provided with a plurality of brackets; a ring is fixed to the brackets; and the ring may be an integrated ring body and may also be composed of a plurality of small segments. The ring is positioned opposite to a fuel injector and located in an area where fuel flows in the combustion chamber. The ring can continuously guides the fuel during the fuel injection process. The ring can be arranged in the liquid-phase region, the gas-liquid two-phase region or the gas-phase region. When the location of the ring interferes with the movement of valves of the internal combustion engine, the part of the ring body that interferes with the movement of the valves can be removed.

A piston for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The piston is configured to reciprocate along a centre axis of the piston during operation in an engine. The piston comprises a number of fuel directing surfaces arranged at a distance from a top surface of the piston measured along the centre axis . Each fuel directing surface is configured to direct a fuel spray sprayed onto the fuel directing surface. The fuel directing surfaces are arranged with gaps between two adjacent fuel directing surfaces. The present disclosure further relates to an engine comprising a piston and a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine.

An engine system is provided, including a controller which estimates a mass ratio (G/F) of intake air inside a cylinder (containing fresh air and burnt gas) to fuel, and controls devices of an engine at a given engine speed so that, while a demanded engine load is a first load, at least part of a mixture gas inside the cylinder combusts by flame-propagation when the estimated G/F is below a first G/F, and the entire mixture gas combusts by compression ignition when the estimated G/F is above the first G/F, whereas while the demanded load is a second load (>the first load), at least part of the mixture gas combusts by flame-propagation when the estimated G/F is below a second G/F (<the first G/F), and the entire mixture gas combusts by compression ignition when the estimated G/F is above the second G/F.