A rotating group for a supercharger includes a driving shaft and rotor assembly including a driving shaft connected to a driving rotor. A driven shaft and rotor assembly include a driven shaft connected to a driven rotor. The driving rotor is in intermeshing engagement with the driven rotor to rotate in a pair of transversely overlapping cylindrical chambers defined in a rotor housing of the supercharger. A driving shaft bearing is disposed in a bottom plate to radially and axially support the driving shaft for rotating the driving rotor in the rotor housing at a first predetermined axial location of the driving rotor from the bottom plate. A driven shaft bearing is disposed in the bottom plate to radially and axially support the driven shaft for rotating the driven rotor in the rotor housing at a second predetermined axial location of the driven rotor from the bottom plate.

A determination is made whether or not the condition that the amount V of condensed water remaining in an intake passage has exceeded a predetermined upper limit has been met, based on an input parameter associated with the amount V. If, during an engine operation in an unsupercharged mode, a determination is made that the condition has been met, a condensed water discharging operation of a supercharger is performed such that the condensed water remaining is discharged to a cylinder of the engine through operation of the supercharger.

A hybrid vehicle with four drive wheels having: an internal combustion heat engine, which transmits the motion to a first pair of drive wheels and has at least one cylinder provided with at least one intake valve and with an exhaust valve; a turbine, which is designed to be rotated by the exhaust gases; a first electric machine, which is designed to be rotated by the turbine so as to generate electrical energy; a second electric machine, which transmits the motion to a second pair of drive wheels; and a control unit, which is configured to cyclically determine an electric power to be necessarily generated and an electric power generated by the first electric machine and to adjust an opening advance of the exhaust valve depending on the difference between the electric power generated by the first electric machine and the electric power to be necessarily generated.

An engine includes an intake electric S-VT configured to change a rotational phase of an intake camshaft, an exhaust electric S-VT configured to change a rotational phase of an exhaust camshaft, a fuel pump, and a supercharger driven by the engine. Both the fuel pump and the supercharger are driven by power transmitted from a crankshaft. The power is transmitted to the fuel pump via a first drive mechanism, and the power is transmitted to the supercharger via a second drive mechanism whose system is different from a system of the first drive mechanism.

Provided are a motor capable of forcibly rotating an engine when the engine is started; and an electric supercharger disposed in an intake passage and driven by electric energy. When the engine is started in a state that a temperature inside a cylinder is equal to or higher than a predetermined first reference temperature, the electric supercharger is driven after an assist motor is driven. When the engine is started in a state that a temperature inside the cylinder is lower than the first reference temperature, the assist motor is driven after the electric supercharger is driven.

A transport refrigeration system (20) is provided. The transport refrigeration system includes: a natural gas engine (26), a compressed natural gas storage tank (60), an artificial aspiration device (70) providing decompressed natural gas and compressed air to the natural gas engine, an electric generation device (24) powered by the natural gas engine and providing an electric output, and a refrigeration unit (22) electrically powered by the electric output of the electric generation device.

Methods and systems are provided for diagnosing a vehicle fuel system and evaporative emissions system, and for diagnosing components in the evaporative emissions system. In one example, a method comprises activating an electric compressor while an engine that propels a vehicle is not in operation, to evacuate the fuel system and evaporative emissions system, sealing the fuel system and evaporative emissions system responsive to a threshold vacuum being reached during the evacuating, and indicating a presence or absence of non-gross undesired evaporative emissions based on a pressure rise in the sealed fuel system and evaporative emissions system. In this way, sources of undesired evaporative emissions may be readily detected, such that release of undesired evaporative emissions to the environment may be reduced.

Methods and systems are provided for diagnosing a vehicle fuel system and evaporative emissions system, and for diagnosing components in the evaporative emissions system. In one example, a method comprises activating an electric compressor while an engine that propels a vehicle is not in operation, to evacuate the fuel system and evaporative emissions system, sealing the fuel system and evaporative emissions system responsive to a threshold vacuum being reached during the evacuating, and indicating a presence or absence of non-gross undesired evaporative emissions based on a pressure rise in the sealed fuel system and evaporative emissions system. In this way, sources of undesired evaporative emissions may be readily detected, such that release of undesired evaporative emissions to the environment may be reduced.

There is provided a supercharging system for an aircraft reciprocating engine, comprising: a plurality of compressors for supplying compressed air to the aircraft reciprocating engine; at least one turbine for obtaining rotational power for at least one of the plurality of compressors, and a plurality of motors for respectively providing rotational power to the plurality of compressors. An object of the present invention is to reduce turbo lag in a reciprocating engine for an aircraft in which multiple-stage supercharging is performed by the turbocharger.

There is provided a supercharging system for an aircraft reciprocating engine, comprising: a plurality of compressors for supplying compressed air to the aircraft reciprocating engine; at least one turbine for obtaining rotational power for at least one of the plurality of compressors, and a plurality of motors for respectively providing rotational power to the plurality of compressors. An object of the present invention is to reduce turbo lag in a reciprocating engine for an aircraft in which multiple-stage supercharging is performed by the turbocharger.