The invention relates to a method for determining the pressure P.sub.avcm upstream of a mechanical compressor (3) equipped with a double supercharging circuit of a combustion engine. The pressure P.sub.avcm is determined by a dynamic model based on a law of conservation of flow rate in the volume upstream of the mechanical compressor. The model links the pressure P.sub.avcm upstream of the mechanical compressor (3) to a temperature T.sub.avcm upstream of the mechanical compressor (3), to a boost pressure P.sub.sural and boost temperature T.sub.sural on the intake side of the engine, and to an openness Bypass of the bypass valve (4).

A supercharger and a turbocharger are provided, as well as a load sensor detecting a traction load of a trailer towed by a semi-trailer and being arranged in a coupler. A combined supercharging and turbocharging is performed by the supercharger and the turbocharger when the traction load is heavier than a previously defined traction determination value. Only supercharging is performed by the turbocharger when the traction load is not more than the traction determination value.

A supercharger and a turbocharger are provided, as well as a load sensor detecting a traction load of a trailer towed by a semi-trailer and being arranged in a coupler. A combined supercharging and turbocharging is performed by the supercharger and the turbocharger when the traction load is heavier than a previously defined traction determination value. Only supercharging is performed by the turbocharger when the traction load is not more than the traction determination value.

A low-temperature turbocompressor structural arrangement for an internal combustion engine for using energy that is available but unused during operation to cool the air supplied to the engine by supercharging. The temperature of the air compressed by the compressor is reduced by a cooling system and the air is then conveyed to a further turbine actuated by the intake air flow of the engine. The structural arrangement may be mounted in full or in part, and also each component may be fitted into existing systems.

A centrifugal compressor includes a compressor housing, an impeller wheel which compresses intake gas from an intake-air inlet, a plurality of guide vanes disposed circumferentially along an inner circumferential wall of the intake-air channel between the intake-air inlet and the impeller wheel to swirl the intake gas around the rotational axis, a central intake-air flow path formed at an inner side of the guide vanes to allow the intake gas to flow to the impeller wheel without passing through the guide vanes, and a guide-vane moving mechanism which simultaneously changes the inclination angle of the guide vanes. Guide vanes generate swirl flow at an inner circumferential housing portion of an impeller wheel to improve a surge margin and to restrict decrease in a choke flow rate.

A centrifugal compressor includes a compressor housing, an impeller wheel which compresses intake gas from an intake-air inlet, a plurality of guide vanes disposed circumferentially along an inner circumferential wall of the intake-air channel between the intake-air inlet and the impeller wheel to swirl the intake gas around the rotational axis, a central intake-air flow path formed at an inner side of the guide vanes to allow the intake gas to flow to the impeller wheel without passing through the guide vanes, and a guide-vane moving mechanism which simultaneously changes the inclination angle of the guide vanes. Guide vanes generate swirl flow at an inner circumferential housing portion of an impeller wheel to improve a surge margin and to restrict decrease in a choke flow rate.

Disclosed is a spring for preload in a planetary traction drive designed for a driven turbocharger on an engine. The ring roller of the planetary traction drive has two parts with a spring between the two parts for generating a preload force on the ring roller assembly of the planetary traction drive. The spring provides a spreading force on the ring roller, and allows for setting a desired preload force on the traction surfaces of the traction drive during assembly and operation, even with variations in manufacturing of the different parts of the traction drive.

Disclosed is a spring for preload in a planetary traction drive designed for a driven turbocharger on an engine. The ring roller of the planetary traction drive has two parts with a spring between the two parts for generating a preload force on the ring roller assembly of the planetary traction drive. The spring provides a spreading force on the ring roller, and allows for setting a desired preload force on the traction surfaces of the traction drive during assembly and operation, even with variations in manufacturing of the different parts of the traction drive.

The present teachings generally include an energy recovery device with heat dissipation mechanisms. The energy recovery device can include a main housing, rotors disposed in the main housing, rotor shafts associated with the rotors, and a sub-housing. The sub-housing can have an engaging surface that faces and is spaced apart from the first receiving surface of the main housing with a first gap when the first sub-housing is attached to the main housing.

An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block that defines a cylinder and a cylinder head positioned relative to the cylinder block. A reciprocating piston is arranged inside the cylinder for compressing an air and fuel mixture at a geometric compression ratio of at least 10:1. A crankshaft is arranged in the cylinder block and rotated by the piston. An intake valve is operatively connected to the cylinder head and controls delivery of air to the cylinder for combustion therein. A mechanism provides late intake valve closing via constant peak lift of the intake valve over at least 5 degrees of crankshaft rotation. A multi-stage boosting system, having a turbocharger, a supercharger, and a continuously variable transmission for varying the supercharger's rotating speed, is regulated by a controller to selectively pressurize air being received from the ambient for delivery to the cylinder.