A linear electro-mechanical system comprising: a stator including at least first and second stator electronic circuits or groups of circuits; a free piston mover movable in a reciprocating motion relative to the stator, the free piston including: a piston surface; a translator configured so that an electromagnetic force may be applied on the free piston mover by one or more of the stator electronic circuits or groups of circuits; and one or more translator electronic circuits, the system further comprising a switching device for each of the first and second stator electronic circuits or groups of circuits such that the current in each of the first and second stator electronic circuits or groups of circuits is independently controllable, and wherein at least one of the translator electronic circuits is configured to receive power from at least one of the independently controlled stator electronic circuits or groups of circuits during at least part of the stroke of the free piston mover.

Generators are presented herein for generating power outputs using a plurality of linear electromagnetic machines (LEMs) affixed to a frame such that adjacent LEMs interact with a single power cylinder. The power cylinder includes a reaction volume, a first bore coaxial with a first axis, and a second bore coaxial with a second axis, different from the first axis, wherein the first axis and the second axis intersect in the reaction volume. The frame includes a plurality of members arranged in a polygon and a plurality of intermediate structures each comprising respective rigid extension, wherein each respective rigid extension is fixedly attached to respective axial ends of adjacent members of the plurality of members. Adjacent LEMs of a plurality of LEMs are coupled at each respective axial end of each respective LEM to the power cylinder using an intermediate structure of the plurality of intermediate structures.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a linear generator, comprising: a cylinder having a cylinder wall and a pair of ends, the cylinder including a reaction section disposed in a center portion of the cylinder; a pair of opposed piston assemblies adapted to move linearly within the cylinder, each piston assembly disposed on one side of the reaction section opposite the other piston assembly, each piston assembly including a spring rod and a piston comprising a solid front section adjacent the reaction section and a gas section; and a pair of linear electromagnetic machines adapted to directly convert kinetic energy of the piston assembly into electrical energy, and adapted to directly convert electrical energy into kinetic energy of the piston assembly for providing compression work during the compression stroke.

System for optimizing an internal combustion engine adapted to modify a common internal combustion engine, or a similar mechanical structure and which uses the same drive system, by applying a plurality of magnets; said system comprising:at least a common internal combustion engine or a similar mechanical structure; a plurality of pistons, adapted to move the drive shaft; at least a magnet (11), installed on the head of the piston (10), having a fixed polarity; at least an electromagnet, installed above each piston; at least an additional electric circuit (16); at least a H bridge and a CPU (17), adapted to manage the inversion of polarity of the electromagnets; at least an on-board computer, connected to the CPU (17), adapted to coordinate and optimize the inversion of polarity of the electromagnets; one or more accumulators of the type already used on vehicles in circulation and however, with at least 12 V and with at least 3 Ah, charged by the dynamo fitted in the vehicle and/or from the external, by connecting to the power mains or with the other systems currently fitted in circulating electric vehicles; at least a container (12), located above each piston (10), adapted to comprisethereinthe electromagnet which moves the relative piston; at least a system for cooling the electromagnet.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards free-piston combustion engines. As described herein, a driver section may be provided in a free-piston combustion engine for storing energy during an expansion stroke. The driver section may be configured to store sufficient energy to perform the subsequent stroke. In some embodiments, the driver section may be configured to store sufficient energy so as to enable the engine to operate continuously across engine cycles without electrical energy input. A linear electromagnetic machine may be provided in a free-piston combustion engine for converting the kinetic energy of a piston assembly into electrical energy.

An integrated linear generator system includes, for example, a generator assembly, a control system, a frame system, an exhaust system, an intake system, a cooling system, a bearing system, one or more auxiliary systems, or a combination thereof. The generator system is configured to generate power, as controlled by the control system. The generator assembly may include an opposed- and free-piston linear generator, configured to operate on a two-stroke cycle. The intake and exhaust systems are configured to provide reactants to and remove products from the generator assembly, respectively. The cooling system is configured to effect heat transfer, material temperature, or both, of components of the integrated linear generator system. The bearing system is configured to constrain the off-axis motion of translators of the generator assembly without applying significant friction forces. The frame system is configured to manage rigidity, flexibility, and alignment of components of the integrated linear generator system.