A method for operating an internal combustion engine including a step of concurrently introducing at least two combustible fuel jets into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A first combustible fuel jet of the at least two combustible fuel jets is ignited at an ignition time point. In a first operating mode of the internal combustion engine a second combustible fuel jet which is different from the first combustible fuel jet of the at least two combustible fuel jets is ignited after the ignition time point.

The present invention describes a fuel-management system for minimizing particulate emissions in turbocharged direct injection gasoline engines. The system optimizes the use of port fuel injection (PFI) in combination with direct injection (DI), particularly in cold start and other transient conditions. In the present invention, the use of these control systems together with other control systems for increasing the effectiveness of port fuel injector use and for reducing particulate emissions from turbocharged direct injection engines is described. Particular attention is given to reducing particulate emissions that occur during cold start and transient conditions since a substantial fraction of the particulate emissions during a drive cycle occur at these times. Further optimization of the fuel management system for these conditions is important for reducing drive cycle emissions.

A controller for an internal combustion engine is configured to execute: a pressure calculation process that calculates pressure of gas in a crank chamber based on a running state of the internal combustion engine; a first injection process that causes a water injection valve to inject a first injection amount of water when an intake valve is open; and a second injection process that causes the water injection valve to inject a second injection amount of water when the intake valve is closed. The controller is further configured to set a ratio of the first injection amount to a sum of the first injection amount and the second injection amount to a smaller value when the pressure is greater than or equal to a specified value than when the pressure is less than the specified value.

Disclosed are an apparatus of injecting fuel for an engine and a method thereof.

The apparatus of injecting fuel for an engine includes: a main injector positioned adjacent to an exhaust valve and injecting the fuel into a combustion chamber of the engine; and an auxiliary injector positioned adjacent to an intake valve and injecting the fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine later than injection time of the main injector, wherein the fuel injected from the main injector and the fuel injected from the auxiliary injector are injected into the combustion chamber in a tumble direction.

An internal combustion engine may include a combustion chamber which is delimited by a cylinder; an injector with which fuel can be injected into the combustion chamber, whereby a mixture comprising fuel and air can be generated in the combustion chamber; a pre-chamber, which is fluidically separate from the combustion chamber with the exception of a passage opening and which is fluidically connected to the combustion chamber via the passage opening; a first spark plug with which an ignition spark can be produced in the pre-chamber; and a second spark plug with which an ignition spark can be produced in the combustion chamber and outside of the pre-chamber, wherein the pre-chamber, the injector, and the second spark plug are arranged, in this order, in a direction extending in a plane that is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder.

The present invention describes a fuel-management system for minimizing particulate emissions in turbocharged direct injection gasoline engines. The system optimizes the use of port fuel injection (PFI) in combination with direct injection (DI), particularly in cold start and other transient conditions. In the present invention, the use of these control systems together with other control systems for increasing the effectiveness of port fuel injector use and for reducing particulate emissions from turbocharged direct injection engines is described. Particular attention is given to reducing particulate emissions that occur during cold start and transient conditions since a substantial fraction of the particulate emissions during a drive cycle occur at these times. Further optimization of the fuel management system for these conditions is important for reducing drive cycle emissions.

An exothermic cutting rod comprising an ignition assembly portion and a main portion. The main portion may comprise a plurality of fuel rods and a rod housing that is configured to allow a flow of oxygen to the ignition assembly portion. The ignition assembly portion may comprise an ignition fuel housing and an ignition fuel, which is entirely contained within said exothermic cutting rod. The ignition fuel housing may have one or more windows that are configured to allow a heat source to ignite the ignition fuel, which then in turn ignites the fuel rods.

The present invention describes a fuel-management system for minimizing particulate emissions in turbocharged direct injection gasoline engines. The system optimizes the use of port fuel injection (PFI) in combination with direct injection (DI), particularly in cold start and other transient conditions. In the present invention, the use of these control systems together with other control systems for increasing the effectiveness of port fuel injector use and for reducing particulate emissions from turbocharged direct injection engines is described. Particular attention is given to reducing particulate emissions that occur during cold start and transient conditions since a substantial fraction of the particulate emissions during a drive cycle occur at these times. Further optimization of the fuel management system for these conditions is important for reducing drive cycle emissions.

The present invention describes a fuel-management system for minimizing particulate emissions in turbocharged direct injection gasoline engines. The system optimizes the use of port fuel injection (PFI) in combination with direct injection (DI), particularly in cold start and other transient conditions. In the present invention, the use of these control systems together with other control systems for increasing the effectiveness of port fuel injector use and for reducing particulate emissions from turbocharged direct injection engines is described. Particular attention is given to reducing particulate emissions that occur during cold start and transient conditions since a substantial fraction of the particulate emissions during a drive cycle occur at these times. Further optimization of the fuel management system for these conditions is important for reducing drive cycle emissions.

Optimized alcohol and plasma enhanced prechambers for engines powered by gasoline and other fuels are used to increase the range of prechamber operation and to reduce soot. The increased prechamber capability is employed to extend the limit of lean operation of the engines. It can also be used to extend the limit of heavy EGR operation and to enable higher RPM operation. The amount of alcohol used in the prechamber is preferably less than 2% of the fuel that is used in the engine cylinder. The alcohol for the prechamber can be entirely provided by onboard separation from a gasoline-alcohol fuel mixture.