The present invention describes a fuel-management system for minimizing particulate emissions in turbocharged direct injection gasoline engines. The system optimizes the use of port fuel injection (PFI) in combination with direct injection (DI), particularly in cold start and other transient conditions. In the present invention, the use of these control systems together with other control systems for increasing the effectiveness of port fuel injector use and for reducing particulate emissions from turbocharged direct injection engines is described. Particular attention is given to reducing particulate emissions that occur during cold start and transient conditions since a substantial fraction of the particulate emissions during a drive cycle occur at these times. Further optimization of the fuel management system for these conditions is important for reducing drive cycle emissions.

An internal combustion engine includes an ignition plug and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to: (i) execute a lean-burn operation in a first operation region, (ii) execute an operation in a second operation region at an air-fuel ratio lower than an air-fuel ratio during the lean-burn operation, and (iii) control a gas flow in a cylinder so that a ratio of a change in a gas flow speed around the ignition plug during ignition to a change in an engine rotation speed in a first engine rotation speed region within the first operation region is smaller than the ratio in a second engine rotation speed region within the second operation region.

An installation for cleaning a motorization system includes an injector, a diagnostic device, and a controller. The injector executes a cleaning sequence for cleaning the motorization system. It does so by injecting a cleaning fluid into one of the inlets. The diagnostic device determines a soiling level as a function of a defect level. The soiling level is indicative of a level of soiling of the motorization system and the defect level is indicative of a level of defectiveness of the first moving part. The controller is configured to supply cleaning parameters to the injection devices for execution of the cleaning sequence. These cleaning parameters depend on the soiling level.

A control device for a compression-ignition (CI) engine in which partial CI combustion including spark ignition (SI) combustion performed by combusting a portion of mixture gas inside a cylinder by spark ignition followed by CI combustion performed by causing the rest of the mixture gas inside the cylinder to self-ignite is executed within a part of an engine operating range, is provided, including an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) controller configured to change an EGR ratio, and a combustion controller configured to control the EGR controller during the partial compression-ignition combustion to switch a combustion mode between first and second modes in which the EGR ratio is higher than the first mode. After the first mode is switched to the second mode, if a condition is satisfied, the combustion controller causes the resumption to the first mode after a given period of time has elapsed from the switching.

An engine (1) includes a cylinder head (3), a retainer (80), a pressing member (70), and an injector (40). The cylinder head (3) has an attachment hole (15) formed therein. The retainer (80) is attached to the cylinder head (3). The pressing member (70) has a pressed surface (77) configured to be pressed by the retainer (80). The injector (40) is inserted into the attachment hole (15) and has an indentation (46) configured to be pressed by the pressing member (70). The indentation (46) is arranged inside the attachment hole (15). The pressed surface (77) is arranged outside the attachment hole (15).

Methods and systems are provided for a fuel injector. In one example, a system comprises an injector spool valve having a fuel outlet shaped to flow fuel to different portions of a nozzle inlet based on an actuation of the injector spool valve, thereby adjusting a fuel injection angle of a fuel injection.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, a method of operating an internal combustion engine that includes injecting fuel into a combustion chamber to form an air-fuel mixture, where the combustion chamber includes a cylinder head, cylinder sidewalls, and a piston that reciprocates within the cylinder sidewalls. The method may also include detecting pre-ignition of the air-fuel mixture during a detected intake or compression stroke of the piston, determining that a super knock condition could occur, and mitigating formation of a super knock condition by deploying a super knock countermeasure within the detected compression stroke.

A method of operating an internal combustion engine system having a fuel injection system including a fluid delivery means operable to deliver a fuel entrained in gas directly into a combustion chamber. The method comprises supplying pressurised gas to the fluid delivery means from a gas supply system, and regulating gas pressure in the gas supply system. The gas pressure in the gas supply system may be regulated during a lag period between commencement of engine cranking and the delivery of fuel at a requisite fuel pressure to the fuel injection system. Regulating gas pressure in the gas supply system comprises opening the fluid delivery means to selectively allow gas to pass into the combustion chamber to relieve pressure in the gas supply system. Optionally, regulating gas pressure in the gas supply system may also comprise opening the fluid delivery means to selectively allow pressurised gas to flow from the combustion chamber to the gas supply system so as to pressurise the gas supply system.

A system for controlling emissions of a motor-vehicle spark-ignition internal combustion engine includes first and second exhaust gas treatment devices and a secondary air feeding system for feeding secondary air into an exhaust gas conduit, between the first and second exhaust gas treatment devices. The secondary air feeding system is activated only when engine load is greater than a predetermined load value and/or when engine rotational speed is greater than a predetermined speed value. In this condition, an air/fuel ratio of the engine is kept at a value lower than the stoichiometric value, so as to feed the engine with a rich mixture. In one example, an electronic controller is configured for controlling activation of the secondary air feeding system on the basis of a map, as a function of values of the engine load and rotational speed. The map is predetermined depending upon specific characteristics of the engine.

A method for operating an internal combustion engine including a step of concurrently introducing at least two combustible fuel jets into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A first combustible fuel jet of the at least two combustible fuel jets is ignited at an ignition time point. In a first operating mode of the internal combustion engine a second combustible fuel jet which is different from the first combustible fuel jet of the at least two combustible fuel jets is ignited after the ignition time point.