Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and controlling a variable geometry turbocharger during early intake valve opening to reduce or prevent oil consumption.

An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification system which exhibits high exhaust gas purification performance. The present invention provides an exhaust gas purification system including: a carrier containing aluminum oxide; an exhaust gas purification device including a catalyst provided on the carrier and containing gallium, and connected to an internal combustion engine; and a system connected to the exhaust gas purification device for increasing an oxygen concentration. The system for increasing an oxygen concentration provides an oxygen concentration higher than that of a post combusted gas of the internal combustion engine.

Provided are an internal combustion engine control device and control method in which a multi-injection process comprises performing an intake synchronized injection and an intake asynchronous injection to inject a required injection amount of fuel by operating a port injection valve for injecting fuel into an intake passageway. A variable process includes variably setting an injection timing for the intake synchronized injection on the basis of at least two of three parameters. The injection timing for the intake synchronized injection is expressed by the rotation angle of a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine. The three parameters include a rotational speed of the crank shaft of the internal combustion engine, a valve-opening start timing of an intake valve, and a temperature of an intake system of the internal combustion engine.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and controlling a variable geometry turbocharger during early intake valve opening to reduce or prevent oil consumption.

A method of determining an air volume in an active purge system may include checking whether an engine operates in an idle state; determining an air volume reaching a combustion chamber of the engine in response to a signal received from a sensor provided in an intake pipe; checking whether an evaporation gas collected in a canister is introduced into the intake pipe; estimating an amount of the evaporation gas introduced into the intake pipe and primarily correcting the air volume determined according to the estimated amount of the evaporation gas; checking whether an opening holding time of an intake valve in the engine is varied due to an operation of a continuously variable valve duration (CVVD) system electrically connected to the controller; and deriving a correction variable by substituting an operation duty of the CVVD system into a formula, a table, or a map provided in advance, and secondarily correcting the primarily corrected air volume according to the correction variable.

An internal combustion engine with a regulating device, whereby a fuel-air mixture is burned in the internal combustion engine with a combustion air ratio controllable by the regulating device, whereby the regulating device comprises an emission control loop, which is designed to control the charge-air pressure as a substitute variable for the NOx emission by the actuators influencing the charge-air pressure via a functional relationship, such that, for each target power or actual power of the internal combustion engine, a charge-air pressure target value can be set, and whereby the internal combustion engine further comprises a variable valve train, by means of which an operating characteristic of at least one inlet valve can be varied, whereby the functional relationship takes into account the influence of an adjustment of the operating characteristic of the at least one inlet valve.

A method for operating an internal combustion engine, involving the following steps: determining a target lambda value and measuring an actual lambda value for combustion in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine; establishing, in accordance with the target lambda value and the actual lambda value, a point in time for an intake valve associated with the combustion chamber to open; and opening the intake valve at the established point in time.

A combustion control system for a dual fuel engine includes a combustion control unit structured to receive phasing data for combustion of a main charge of gaseous fuel ignited by way of pilot shots of a liquid fuel, output a pilot fueling command based on the phasing data, and output a valve timing command. The combustion control unit is further structured to vary a phasing of combustion of a main charge of a gaseous fuel ignited by pilot shots of a liquid fuel based on an adjustment to at least one of a pilot shot delivery parameter or a valve timing parameter such as intake valve closing timing from a first engine cycle to a second engine cycle. Control of the intake valve timing can be based on a main pilot shot timing error.

A method and apparatus, for treating plaque and calculus in the mouth cavityparticularly on teethare disclosed. The apparatusand accordingly the methodis comprised of introducing at least one first-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing anions precipitation; and introducing at least one second-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing cations precipitation.

Provided are an internal combustion engine control device and control method in which a multi-injection process comprises performing an intake synchronized injection and an intake asynchronous injection to inject a required injection amount of fuel by operating a port injection valve for injecting fuel into an intake passageway. A variable process includes variably setting an injection timing for the intake synchronized injection on the basis of at least two of three parameters. The injection timing for the intake synchronized injection is expressed by the rotation angle of a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine. The three parameters include a rotational speed of the crank shaft of the internal combustion engine, a valve-opening start timing of an intake valve, and a temperature of an intake system of the internal combustion engine.