Disclosed is a procedure to minimize NOx during varying engine loads in a 4-stroke diesel engine including at least one cylinder with a cylinder head, first piston on a connecting rod, one actuator mounted on the cylinder head and one of the actuator operated second piston lockable via a hydraulic circuit in various positions in a combustion chamber. The second piston, at the latest during the current compression stroke is actuated by the actuator and locked in the combustion chamber, where it by the first piston introduced air is compressed in a predetermined compression ratio to meet an existing engine load wherein the free operated inlet valve is brought to close the inlet stroke at a piston position where the volume of the combustion air as introduced at the end of the compression stroke gives the predetermined compression ratio and that the injector injects the stated amount of fuel.

A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an electronic control unit that is configured to perform an operation of making a lift amount of a specific valve corresponding to one of either intake ports or exhaust ports for a specific cylinder in which an amount of condensate water produced in the port or flowing into the port is larger than in the other cylinders when the engine is stopped, in a case where production of condensate water in the ports or inflow of condensate water into the ports is predicted.

Described herein is a system for variable actuation of an engine valve of an internal-combustion engine, where the system is able to actuate the engine valves, selectively, in a four-stroke operating mode and in a two-stroke operating mode, on the basis of the operating conditions of the engine.

Disclosed is a combustion engine and method for engine braking therein including an intake air channel having a first pressure, a first inlet valve between the intake air channel and the cylinder volume, an exhaust air channel having a second pressure, a first outlet valve between the cylinder volume and the exhaust air channel, and a storage reservoir having a third pressure higher than the first and second pressures, the storage reservoir being arranged in controllable fluid communication with the cylinder volume. The method takes place during two-stroke cycle and includes: displacing the piston from upper dead center (UDC) towards lower dead center (LDC), keeping the first inlet valve open during at least part of the travel from UDC to LDC, displacing the piston from LDC towards UDC, and keeping the fluid communication between the storage reservoir and cylinder volume open during at least a part of such travel.

Methods and systems are provided for operating a split exhaust engine system that provides blowthrough air and exhaust gas recirculation to an intake passage via a first exhaust manifold and exhaust gas to an exhaust passage via a second exhaust manifold. In one example, in response to flowing the exhaust gas recirculation and blowthrough air from the first exhaust manifold to the intake passage via a first set of exhaust valves, a first set of swirl valves coupled upstream of a first set of intake valves may be adjusted to at least partially block intake air flow to the first set of intake valves. Each engine cylinder may include two intake valves including one of the first set of intake valves and two exhaust valves.

An oil supply control device includes: an adjusting device which adjusts an oil discharge amount according to an input control value to adjust a hydraulic pressure; a hydraulic controller which outputs the control value to the adjusting device; a memory which stores a first initial control value corresponding to a first target hydraulic pressure at which a hydraulic actuating device is not activated, and a second initial control value corresponding to a second target hydraulic pressure at which the hydraulic actuating device is activated; and a determination portion which compares oil initial characteristics represented by the first and second initial control values with oil characteristics represented by first and second control values, to perform oil determination as to whether or not a viscosity of the oil has changed, the first control value being input before increase of the hydraulic pressure, the second control value being input after increase.

An actuator and a method for controlling such an actuator suitable for operating at least one gas exchange valve arranged in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The actuator includes: an actuator piston disc, a cylinder volume adapted for the actuator piston disc, where the actuator piston disc divides the cylinder volume in a first portion and a second portion, an inlet channel arranged between a pressure fluid inlet and the first portion of the cylinder volume, a controllable first inlet valve arranged in the inlet channel, a controllable second inlet valve arranged downstream the controllable first inlet valve, an outlet channel arranged between the first portion of the cylinder volume and a pressure fluid outlet, and a controllable outlet valve arranged in the outlet channel.

Although internal combustion engines typically waste about 75% of their fuel energy, this invention can provides 31% or more brake horsepower than the engine alone by using anhydrous organic racing engine coolant or other anhydrous organic heat transfer fluid arranged to spiral around a combustion chamber until heated to over 250? C. without boiling while exceeding the boiling point of a separate working fluid that is heated by coolant then superheated by exhaust gas before entering a unique positive displacement vapor expander engine having a piston connected by a clutch to a driveshaft that is also driven by the combustion engine to create a high efficiency direct mechanical powertrain which avoids losses of about 15% had a generator charged a battery powering an electric motor-generator connected for regenerative braking to charge batteries. Highly elevated coolant temperatures also reduce cylinder and exhaust temperatures to lower emission toxicity while preventing lubricant burnout.

A pressure fluid handling system includes a closed pressure fluid circuit. The pressure fluid circuit includes, connected in series, a compressor and a pressure sink and a primary pressure fluid route from the compressor to the pressure sink and a secondary pressure fluid route from the pressure sink to the compressor. The pressure fluid handling system further includes a pressure fluid accumulator connected to the pressure fluid circuit via a first pressure fluid accumulator conduit. The first pressure fluid accumulator conduit includes a pump configured to pump pressure fluid from the pressure fluid circuit to the pressure fluid accumulator to lower the pressure levels in the pressure fluid circuit, and in that the pressure fluid handling system includes a controllable component for returning the pressure fluid from the pressure fluid accumulator to the pressure fluid circuit to increase the pressure levels in the pressure fluid circuit.

A method for carrying out a gas exchange in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine is provided. The cylinder is connected to a gas line section via a valve. An actuator adjusts a gas pressure in the gas line section. The valve closes at a fixed point in time in a working cycle of the internal combustion engine in case of a constant torque of the internal combustion engine. The method includes the steps of recognizing a torque change request; determining a target value for the gas pressure in the gas line section in dependence on the torque change request; and determining a variable point in time for closing the valve as a result of the torque change request, wherein the variable point in time is shifted in the working cycle relative to the fixed point in time in dependence on the target value of the gas pressure.