An internal combustion engine includes an internal combustion engine body including an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and a controller configured or programmed to perform a control to set a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine body to a predetermined rotational speed based on an environmental temperature at a time of starting the internal combustion engine body, and perform a control to drive the internal combustion engine body at the set predetermined rotational speed during a time period until when fuel is supplied to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine body and first ignition is performed.

A method for controlling and engine system with a plurality of turbochargers. At least one of the plurality of turbochargers has a turbine valve, a compressor valve, and actuators operable to change the position of the turbine valve. The method comprises controlling the actuator based on the presence of a transient event or a steady state event. During a transient event an engine control module can control the actuators to change the turbine valve to opened and closed positions and the turbine valve to a closed position based on the comparison between a corrected mass flow per turbocharger to a mass flow threshold.

A battery pack includes a housing, rechargeable lithium-ion battery cells enclosed in the housing, terminals, a processing circuit, and a communications interface. The processing circuit is configured to control a supply of electrical power from the rechargeable lithium-ion battery cells to a positive terminal and a negative terminal in response to receiving signals from data terminals. The signals from the data terminals include operational information that includes at least a condition of an electric motor on power equipment coupled with the data terminals. The communications interface is configured to communicate over a wireless communication protocol to receive an identification of a type of power equipment coupled with the plurality of terminals. The processing circuit is configured to adjust one or more functions of the battery pack based upon identification data received from the communications interface, which includes the type of power equipment that is coupled with the plurality of terminals.

An internal combustion engine includes an internal combustion engine body including an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and a controller configured or programmed to perform a control to set a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine body to a predetermined rotational speed based on an environmental temperature at a time of starting the internal combustion engine body, and perform a control to drive the internal combustion engine body at the set predetermined rotational speed during a time period until when fuel is supplied to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine body and first ignition is performed.

A vehicle controller includes processing circuitry and a storage device. The storage device stores relationship specifying data that specifies a relationship between a state of a vehicle and at least one action variable. The at least one action variable is a variable related to operation of an operating unit of an internal combustion engine. The processing circuitry is configured to execute an obtaining process that obtains a state of the vehicle, an operating process that operates the operating unit based on a value of the at least one action variable, a reward calculation process, an updating process that updates the relationship specifying data, and a determination process that determines whether the internal combustion engine has deteriorated. The determination process is executed on condition that at least one of the at least one action variable equals a predetermined value.

A battery pack for use in providing starting power for a starter motor of an internal combustion engine and to supply power to one or more auxiliary loads. The battery pack includes an outer housing that encloses a plurality of battery cells. The battery pack further includes a control module. The control module includes a processing circuit configured to control one or more functions associated with the internal combustion engine and an interface circuit configured to interface with the internal combustion engine.

An engine may include an engine including combustion chambers, an intake line connected to the plurality of combustion chambers and through which outside air supplied to the combustion chamber flows, an intake manifold connected to an intake side of the combustion chamber, an exhaust manifold connected to an exhaust side of the combustion chamber, an exhaust line connected to the exhaust manifold, a turbocharger including a compressor mounted in the intake line, and a turbine rotating in association with the compressor and connected to the exhaust manifold and the exhaust line, a wastegate passage bypassing the turbine from the exhaust manifold, an electric supercharger connected to the compressor of the turbocharger by the intake line, a power device electrically-connected to the electric supercharger and configured for supplying electric power to the electric supercharger or absorbing and storing electric power generated by the electric supercharger, and a controller for controlling the operation of the power device and the electric supercharger according to rotation speed of the engine.

Methods for controlling an air-to-fuel (AFR) ratio in the metering of fuel to an operating internal combustion engine (ICE) are provided using software-implemented logic controls to enable the determination of one or more of a maximum-power AFR fiducial and a maximum-efficiency AFR fiducial. Control of the fuel delivered to achieve any desired AFT using the fiducial values and/or a known or derived power-AFR curve for the ICE, and pressures of 5 psi or less, without chemical or temperature sensing of the exhaust gas of the ICE.

A system can control an engine during a shift event of a multi-ratio transmission driven by the engine. The engine can include a throttle valve configured to selectively regulate a flow rate of air entering the engine. The system can include a controller configured to receive shift data indicative of an execution of the shift event by the multi-ratio transmission, receive first sensor data indicative of a temperature of the engine and second sensor data indicative of a temperature of the multi-ratio transmission, obtain a transient air value based on the temperature of the engine and the temperature of the multi-ratio transmission when the controller has received the shift data, and signal the throttle valve to move to a position corresponding to the transient air value when the controller has received the shift data.

A surgical stapler including an anvil, a staple cartridge, and a buttress material removably retained to the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In various embodiments, the staple cartridge can include at least one staple removably stored therein which can, when deployed, or fired, therefrom, contact the buttress material and remove the buttress material from the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In at least one embodiment, the anvil can include at least one lip and/or groove configured to removably retain the buttress material to the anvil until deformable members extending from the surgical staple are bent by the anvil and are directed toward and contact the buttress material.