A method for operating a combustion chamber is provided. The method includes obtaining a carbon monoxide reading at an exit of the combustion chamber via a carbon monoxide sensor, and deriving an oxygen set point trim based at least in part on the carbon monoxide reading and a carbon monoxide set point via a controller. The method further includes determining a stability status of the combustion chamber via a combustion stability sensor, and adjusting an oxygen set point of the combustion chamber with the oxygen set point trim based at least in part on the stability status via the controller. The oxygen set point defines a desired oxygen level at the exit of the combustion chamber.

A method of controlling a dual fuel engine system includes adjusting a phasing control parameter such as air-fuel ratio (AFR), based on a phasing signal to limit an error in a phasing of combustion of gaseous fuel. The cylinder is switched to a dual fuel liquid pilot-ignited mode by commanding direct injection of an early pilot shot of liquid fuel, based on the adjustment to the phasing control parameter, and production of a spark to ignite gaseous fuel in the cylinder. Switching the cylinder to the dual fuel liquid pilot-ignited mode is completed by commanding direct injection of an early pilot shot and a second pilot shot of liquid fuel to ignite gaseous fuel in response to combustion of the early and second pilot shots in the cylinder.

A system and method to enable electronically controlled internal combustion engines to self-adjust parameters and operate properly on different fuels that have wide ranges of physical and chemical properties. Input from a sensor is utilized that gives a signal indicative of the combustion process. The ECU processes the signal and readjusts the engine operating parameters to achieve its operating goals.

Provided is an optical sensor directed into a combustion chamber is used to selectively sense a predefined spectral range of an optical spectrum for different light paths running through the combustion chamber to measure a gas temperature distribution in the combustion chamber. A spectral intensity is determined for each spectral range and associated with an item of light path information which identifies the light path in question. The spectral intensities determined and and the associated items of light path information are fed as input data to a machine learning routine which is trained to reproduce spatially resolved training temperature distributions. Output data from the machine learning routine are then output as the gas temperature distribution.

Methods and systems are provided for expediting heating of intake valves to improve engine startability. An engine laser ignition system is operated prior to, and during, an engine start to heat intake valves, thereby improving fuel vaporization. The ignition system is also operated to initiate cylinder air/fuel combustion.

A method is provided for visualizing a combustion process of a fuel-air mixture within a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Flame light signals that are generated during the combustion of the fuel-air mixture within the combustion chamber are detected in a number of detection volumes (20) by a multi-channel optical measuring probe (2) and the light intensities of the flame light signals are evaluated and graphically visualized by an evaluating and visualizing device (5). Information concerning the position of the flame is provided by flame light signals within the detection volumes (20) and by the formation of hypotheses and by the selection of a most probable hypothesis by means of a mathematical assessment algorithm implemented in the evaluating and visualizing device (5) and are graphically visualized by the evaluating and visualizing device (5).

Methods and systems are provided for a ducted fuel injector. In one example, a method may include adjusting a temperature of combustion chamber gases in a combustion chamber and/or adjusting a fuel rail pressure in response to an amount of light sensed by a photodiode of the duct.

A method for operating a combustion chamber is provided. The method includes obtaining a carbon monoxide reading at an exit of the combustion chamber via a carbon monoxide sensor, and deriving an oxygen set point trim based at least in part on the carbon monoxide reading and a carbon monoxide set point via a controller. The method further includes determining a stability status of the combustion chamber via a combustion stability sensor, and adjusting an oxygen set point of the combustion chamber with the oxygen set point trim based at least in part on the stability status via the controller. The oxygen set point defines a desired oxygen level at the exit of the combustion chamber.

A dual-fuel internal combustion engine with a device for regulating the internal combustion engine, with at least two piston-cylinders, a fuel injector assigned to the piston-cylinder units for a liquid fuel, which has an injector needle. Each piston-cylinder unit has a gas supply device for fuel, wherein the regulating device controls the fuel injector and the at least one gas supply device individually for metering of the quantity of the liquid or gaseous fuel supplied to each piston-cylinder unit. At least one needle sensor is connected to the regulating device and assigned to the respective piston-cylinder unit, which detects a characteristic signal of the needle position in the ballistic range, so that the fuel injector can be operated with individual controllability for each of the at least two piston-cylinder units for the regulation of the supplied fuel quantity in the ballistic range.

Methods and systems are provided for a ducted fuel injector. In one example, a method may include adjusting a temperature of combustion chamber gases in a combustion chamber and/or adjusting a fuel rail pressure in response to an amount of light sensed by a photodiode of the duct.