Systems and methods for testing a surface are described. An apparatus can be configured to consistently strike a ball to maintain consistent testing conditions. One or more parameters may be determined based on a path of travel of the ball.

Provided is an apparatus for managing a player with a guard including a sensor sensing a vital information of a player to calculate an injury risk of the player to thereby manage a condition of the player, the apparatus including: a communication unit receiving the vital information from the guard and transmitting the injury risk to the guard; a memory storing a program calculating the injury risk to manage the condition of the player; and a processor connected to the communication unit and the memory to execute an operation implemented by the program, in which the program may include instructions using the vital information and pre-stored vital recovering ability data of the player to calculate the injury risk of the player.

The present disclosure relates to a stationary exercise apparatus for indoor cycle training (1), i.e. a stationary exercise bicycle, preferably provided with a magnetic resistance unit (15). One embodiment relates to a stationary exercise bike comprising a flywheel (10) defining a radial gap (25) in the periphery wherein at least the periphery of the flywheel (10) has ferromagnetic properties, and wherein a magnetic resistance unit (15) is configured to controllably insert one, two or more magnets into said radial gap.

Systems and methods for testing a surface are described. An apparatus can be configured to consistently strike a ball to maintain consistent testing conditions. One or more parameters may be determined based on a path of travel of the ball.

In various embodiments, a treadmill system may include one or more custom treadmill hardware devices and one or more accompanying pieces of software which may be configured to work in tandem to simulate one or more virtual terrains within a game on a physical treadmill. In particular embodiments, the system is configured to enable a user to control a direction of a virtual avatar as the avatar traverses the virtual terrain (e.g., while the user is using the treadmill). The system may then be configured to manipulate the treadmill (i.e., incline of the treadmill, speed of the treadmill, etc.) based on the terrain that the avatar is currently traversing. The system may utilize one or more imaging devices to identify particular gestures performed by the user. In this way, the system may be configured provide hands free control to the user while the user is using the treadmill.

Provided is an apparatus for managing a player with a guard including a sensor sensing a vital information of a player to calculate an injury risk of the player to thereby manage a condition of the player, the apparatus including: a communication unit receiving the vital information from the guard and transmitting the injury risk to the guard; a memory storing a program calculating the injury risk to manage the condition of the player; and a processor connected to the communication unit and the memory to execute an operation implemented by the program, in which the program may include instructions using the vital information and pre-stored vital recovering ability data of the player to calculate the injury risk of the player.

In various embodiments, a treadmill system may include one or more custom treadmill hardware devices and one or more accompanying pieces of software which may be configured to work in tandem to simulate one or more virtual terrains within a game on a physical treadmill. In particular embodiments, the system is configured to enable a user to control a direction of a virtual avatar as the avatar traverses the virtual terrain (e.g., while the user is using the treadmill). The system may then be configured to manipulate the treadmill (i.e., incline of the treadmill, speed of the treadmill, etc.) based on the terrain that the avatar is currently traversing. The system may utilize one or more imaging devices to identify particular gestures performed by the user. In this way, the system may be configured provide hands free control to the user while the user is using the treadmill.

Provided is a virtual road surface implementation-type bicycle simulator. The virtual road surface implementation-type bicycle simulator according to the present disclosure includes a rear wheel support portion that supports a rear wheel of a mounted bicycle and rotates together with rotation of the rear wheel; and a road surface implementation portion including a plurality of uneven portions that perform a protrusion operation at various heights on an outer peripheral surface of the rear wheel support portion in contact with the rear wheel, thereby providing a rider riding the bicycle with various road surface states which are virtually set.

The present disclosure relates to a stationary exercise apparatus for indoor cycle training (1), i.e. a stationary exercise bicycle, preferably provided with a magnetic resistance unit (15). One embodiment relates to a stationary exercise bike comprising a flywheel (10) defining a radial gap (25) in the periphery wherein at least the periphery of the flywheel (10) has ferromagnetic properties, and wherein a magnetic resistance unit (15) is configured to controllably insert one, two or more magnets into said radial gap.

Method for operating a bicycle trainer, and such a bicycle trainer comprising a stand with a seat, handlebars and rotatable pedals, or such a bicycle trainer comprising a stand for mounting a bicycle frame with a seat, handlebars and rotatable pedals, wherein the stand incorporates an electronically variable brake acting directly or indirectly on the rotatable pedals with a braking resistance that depends on a computer-controlled predetermined setting, wherein the pre-determined setting is variable and wherein said setting depends on selected parameters to reflect a simulated surface condition of a road.