A brain injury reduction system provides a protective measure that temporarily or decreases venous drainage out of the intracranial compartment during or immediately before and during a sudden change in acceleration of an individual's head. Specifically, a wearable helmet or other wearable structure of the brain injury reduction system detects an impending collision and determines whether a protective measure is needed. If so, one or more actuation devices provides the protective measure to reduce venous drainage through one or both of the internal jugular veins or paravertebral venous plexus. A first actuation device stimulates a gag reflex or valsalva-like maneuver to reduce venous drainage through the paravertebral venous plexus. A second actuation device can physically compress the internal jugular veins. Thus, the brain injury reduction system minimizes the detrimental impact that may occur due to the sudden change in acceleration of the individual's head.

A tower may support a horizontal track and a vertical climbing wall therebelow. A trolley, movable along the track, may be selectively driven toward and away from the tower by belay lines, line and capstan, positive drive, or some combination. Belay lines reeved over pulleys on the trolley may be taken up and paid out independently from the trolley, while fixed or moving. A rider may climb, be lifted, or both to near the intersection of the tower and track, from there to fall or jump into a controllable trajectory such as swinging or simulating a parachute landing. Swinging may be rapidly attenuated almost entirely by “bumps,” lifting a rider to remove momentum and kinetic energy as a rider moves toward a pivot point overhead. Control may be simplified based on sensing and using timing past bottom dead center (BDC).

An underwater propulsion device is disclosed comprising two sleeves for fitting around each of a user's lower legs, with each sleeve mounting a propulsion unit, and the sleeves being connectable by a bar between them during underwater operation of the device by the user.

The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for warning a user about undesirable motion of a first portion of the user's body relative to a second portion of the user's body. In one representative embodiment, an apparatus for warning a user about motion of a first portion of the user's body relative to a second portion of the user's body comprises at least one sensor configured to measure the angle of the first portion of the user's body relative to a reference. The sensor is configured to be worn on the user's body, and is in communication with a controller. A warning mechanism is also in communication with the controller, and the controller is operable to activate the warning mechanism upon movement of the first portion of the user's body relative to the second portion of the user's body beyond a predetermined angle relative to the reference.

A torso protector device for martial arts is disclosed. The device comprises a cylindrical torso protection body to protect a wearer's torso; a shoulder cover coupled to the cylindrical torso protection body at front and rear portions thereof, wherein the shoulder cover has a neck opening defined in a top thereof, wherein left and right arm passing openings are defined in the shoulder cover in the left and right sides thereof respectively; a wire coupled to the cylindrical torso protection body and the shoulder cover; a wire adjuster module coupled to the wire; and a screener to screen the wire, wherein an adjustment dial is operatively coupled to the wire adjuster module, wherein the rotation of the adjustment dial results in length increase or decrease of the wire.

An accuracy ball has a target strike cover, sensors, grips, and a data core that function in combination to provide a device that a trainer can hold and a fighter can practice striking accurately. The accuracy ball has target aim points that a user attempts to strike. The ball can gather data concerning the user's performance during a workout, including strike: accuracy/precision, strength/force, number and velocity, etc. The target strike cover can provide cushioning, as needed. Internal grasp handles allow the accuracy ball to be held safely by providing protection from errant strikes. Sensors including force plates, accelerometers, gyroscopes, location sensing, temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. can all be incorporated. On/off switch, IO port (such as micro-USB), wireless communication devices, display screen, control switches, etc. can be integrated therein as well. Exported data can be tracked, analyzed, graphed, and used to enhance learning and improve skill-sets.

A variable-color region (106) of an information-presentation structure extends to an exposed surface (102) at a surface zone (112), normally appears along it as a principal color, and includes pressure-sensitive color-change structure (132) and pressure-spreading structure (242) having an internal pressure-spreading surface (244). An object (104) impacts the zone at an object-contact area (116). The pressure-spreading structure spreads pressure of the impact along a distributed-pressure area (256) of the pressure-spreading surface. A segment (142) of the pressure-sensitive color-change structure responds to the excess internal pressure along the distributed-pressure area by causing an impact-dependent portion (138) of the variable-color region to temporarily appear along a print area (118) of the zone as changed color materially different from the principal color if the excess internal pressure meets excess internal pressure criteria. The print area thereby closely matches the object-contact area in size, shape, and location.

A fight simulation multi-headed, multi-abdomen, multi-armed apparatus is adapted to be used in conjunction with a slip and counter fight simulation apparatus or stand alone apparatus. The fight simulation multi-headed, multi-abdomen, multi-armed apparatus includes a multi-headed member having at least one head attached to at least one abdomen and at least one arm having a glove appending member. Preferably, multiple heads are attached to multiple abdomens with multiple arm pairs to provide different punch configurations for the user to strike at. The multi-headed, multi-abdomen, multi-armed provides various angles adapted for a user to punch, knee, and/or do a flying knee.

A sports training safety system and method of operation thereof includes: a training dummy; a magnetic release attached to the training dummy; a delivery carriage mounted to the magnetic release; a delivery rail for supporting the delivery carriage; and a transport system, attached to the delivery rail, for moving the delivery carriage and the training dummy along the delivery rail.

In one implementation, a game apparatus includes a base with a playing surface that has (i) a first end with a first designated area for cups and (ii) a second end; a game piece; a tether that attaches the game piece to the base so as to permit the game piece to move freely within the tether's range; and a first launcher that includes a mechanism to launch the game piece as a projectile, the first launcher being positioned at or around the second end to launch the game piece toward the first designated area for cups, wherein the first designated area for cups and at least a portion of the first launcher are within the tether's range.