A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A method for determining the presence of water and diesel exhaust fluid mixed with diesel fuel is disclosed. In one example, output pressure of a fuel pump may be indicative of the presence or absence of water in diesel fuel. The presence or absence of water in fuel may be evaluated in response to filling a fuel tank.

Systems, methods and apparatus for controlling operation of dual fuel engines are disclosed that regulate the fueling amounts provided by a first fuel and a second fuel during operation of the engine. The first fuel can be a liquid fuel and the second fuel can be a gaseous fuel. The fueling amounts are controlled to improve operational outcomes of the duel fuel engine.

A working machine includes: a machine body; a prime mover that is mounted on the machine body; a fuel cylinder that contains a fuel; a vaporizer that vaporizes the fuel sent from the fuel cylinder and supplies the fuel to the prime mover; a temperature detector that detects a temperature correlating with a decrease in the temperature of the vaporizer; and a controller that imposes restraint on the flow rate of the fuel flowing from the vaporizer to the prime mover when the temperature detected by the temperature detector is lower than or equal to a first temperature.

Methods and systems are provided for a visual indicator of engine performance. In one example, a method may include generating an adaptive knock control parameter and adjusting a display to an operator. The display may be adjusted based on the adaptive knock control parameter and may allow the operator to be notified of changes in available engine power.

A method for controlling an auto-stop start system of a vehicle includes sending a message to an operator of the vehicle requesting the operator to perform an action for enabling activation of an auto-stop start function of the auto-stop start system, and provided that such a requested action is identified to have been performed, enabling activation of the auto-stop start function.

Systems, devices and methods for diagnosing malfunctioning in a crankcase ventilation (CCV) system are provided. A controller includes a processor and a memory storing instructions that cause the processor to: receive a plurality of pressure values including (i) a first pressure value indicative of a pressure of fluid flowing from a crankcase to a breather assembly of a system, (ii) a second pressure value indicative of a pressure of fluid flowing through a first tube coupled to the breather assembly, and (iii) a third pressure value indicative of a pressure of fluid flowing through a second tube coupled to the breather assembly; determine a pair of pressure differences based on the first pressure value, the second pressure value, and the third pressure value; and detect a malfunctioning in the CCV system based on the pair of pressure differences.

A control apparatus for a vehicle includes: a characteristic storage portion configured to store therein torque-characteristic information representing an output torque characteristic as a characteristic of an output torque of an engine of the vehicle, which has appeared in a certain control operation, such that the stored torque-characteristic information is divided into a plurality of groups corresponding to respective refueling points that provide the fuel; and a factor determination portion configured, when the output torque characteristic represented by the torque-characteristic information belonging to one of the plurality of groups and the output torque characteristic represented by the torque-characteristic information belonging to another one of the plurality of groups are different from each other and a characteristic difference therebetween is not smaller than a threshold value, to determine that the characteristic difference is caused by a difference in a property of the fuel.

A method for detecting leakage of a high pressure fuel pump of a vehicle includes: turning off starting of an engine; after the starting of the engine is turned off, determining whether restarting of the engine occurs by a fuel rail pressure condition in which internal fuel pressure of a fuel rail connected between the high pressure fuel pump and an injector of the engine is less than or equal to a reference pressure; when the restarting of the engine occurs by the fuel rail pressure condition, determining whether a reference pressure reach time of the internal fuel pressure of the fuel rail is less than or equal to a reference time; and when the reference pressure reach time of the internal fuel pressure of the fuel rail is less than or equal to the reference time, storing a number of times of restarting of the engine.

An electronic control unit for a vehicle with a combustion engine and a method of fuel analysis are provided. At least one dynamic torque sensor value from a high pressure pump of the vehicle and at least one additional sensor value including at least one pressure sensor value and/or at least one timing value are used to determine whether a combustible fuel type currently in use is known, unknown, or similar to a known fuel type. In each case, the operation of the combustion engine is optimized using specific parameter configurations for the fuel injectors of the vehicle. The specific parameter configurations are either retrieved from a database, or are generated using artificial intelligence methods.