An internal combustion engine includes a state determination device. The state determination device includes a storage device and an execution device. The execution device executes an acquisition process, and a determination process. The execution device executes a guard process of bringing an internal combustion engine state variable closer to an allowable range or a value within the allowable range when the internal combustion engine state variable acquired in the acquisition process is out of the predetermined allowable range. The execution device determines the state of the internal combustion engine based on the internal combustion engine state variable after the guard process in the subsequent determination process when the guard process is executed.

An internal combustion engine includes a state determination device. The state determination device includes a storage device and an execution device. The execution device executes an acquisition process, and a determination process. The execution device executes a guard process of bringing an internal combustion engine state variable closer to an allowable range or a value within the allowable range when the internal combustion engine state variable acquired in the acquisition process is out of the predetermined allowable range. The execution device determines the state of the internal combustion engine based on the internal combustion engine state variable after the guard process in the subsequent determination process when the guard process is executed.

A vehicle includes a combustion engine configured to output mechanical power and an electric machine coupled to the engine and configured to convert the mechanical power to electrical power. The vehicle also includes a battery to exchange electrical power with the electric machine. The vehicle further includes a controller programmed to receive user inputs indicative of a desired storage duration and a storage location and monitor a battery state of charge (SOC) while the vehicle is stored. The controller is also programmed to prompt a remote user to approve an engine auto-start in response to the SOC depleting to less than a predetermined threshold during storage, and to auto-start the engine to generate power to recharge the battery in response to remote user approval. The controller is further programmed to inhibit the auto-start of the engine in response to the vehicle being stored in an enclosed storage location.

A vehicle includes a combustion engine configured to output mechanical power and an electric machine coupled to the engine and configured to convert the mechanical power to electrical power. The vehicle also includes a battery to exchange electrical power with the electric machine. The vehicle further includes a controller programmed to receive user inputs indicative of a desired storage duration and a storage location and monitor a battery state of charge (SOC) while the vehicle is stored. The controller is also programmed to prompt a remote user to approve an engine auto-start in response to the SOC depleting to less than a predetermined threshold during storage, and to auto-start the engine to generate power to recharge the battery in response to remote user approval. The controller is further programmed to inhibit the auto-start of the engine in response to the vehicle being stored in an enclosed storage location.

Approaches for predicting parameters contributing to engine emissions are described. In an example, the values of control parameters may be obtained from the vehicle sensors. Based on the obtained values of the control parameters, estimated emission value may be determined pertaining to a correlation criterion reflecting a predetermined relationship between the obtained control parameter and engine emission. Further, the contribution index of each of the individual control parameters may be identified. Further, based on the estimated emission value and the contribution index, aggregated emission value corresponding to the exhausted emission from the engine for particular trip may be calculated.

Approaches for predicting parameters contributing to engine emissions are described. In an example, the values of control parameters may be obtained from the vehicle sensors. Based on the obtained values of the control parameters, estimated emission value may be determined pertaining to a correlation criterion reflecting a predetermined relationship between the obtained control parameter and engine emission. Further, the contribution index of each of the individual control parameters may be identified. Further, based on the estimated emission value and the contribution index, aggregated emission value corresponding to the exhausted emission from the engine for particular trip may be calculated.

An electronic control unit includes a computer that outputs a monitoring signal and an external monitoring circuit that monitors a state of the computer based on the monitoring signal. The computer includes a monitoring signal output section that generates and outputs the monitoring signal to the external monitoring circuit by performing a software process; a self-diagnostic section that self-diagnoses the computer and detects an abnormality by identifying a cause of the abnormality; and a break signal output section that outputs a break signal to interrupt an input of the monitoring signal to the external monitoring circuit by performing a hardware process when an abnormality in the monitoring signal output section is detected.

An engine diagnostic system is provided for diagnosing a deterioration degree of an engine mounted on a vehicle. The engine diagnostic system learns, as a knock learning value, a maximum advancement amount of an ignition timing that reduces knocking. A database stores time-series data of the knock learning value of the engine for each individual engine. The knock learning value is acquired from each of a plurality of vehicles of the same model. An evaluation process computes an evaluation value indicating the deterioration degree of a designated engine using the time-series data of the knock learning value of each engine stored in the database.

An engine diagnostic system is provided for diagnosing a deterioration degree of an engine mounted on a vehicle. The engine diagnostic system learns, as a knock learning value, a maximum advancement amount of an ignition timing that reduces knocking. A database stores time-series data of the knock learning value of the engine for each individual engine. The knock learning value is acquired from each of a plurality of vehicles of the same model. An evaluation process computes an evaluation value indicating the deterioration degree of a designated engine using the time-series data of the knock learning value of each engine stored in the database.

A system and method for synchronizing a frequency of plurality of variable frequency generators with a variable frequency load over a variable frequency bus independent of a frequency conversion stage. A synchronization controller is configured to determine an optimal bus frequency of the variable frequency bus based on at least one power demand requirement of the variable frequency load operatively connected to the variable frequency bus. With the optimal frequency, an available power range supplied by the plurality of variable frequency gensets at the optimal bus frequency can be determined. The synchronization controller then asymmetrically loads the variable frequency load to the plurality variable frequency gensets at the optimal bus frequency based on the operating range of each variable frequency genset and recursively updates the optimal bus frequency based on operational statistics of the asymmetrically loaded variable frequency gensets.