The disclosure describes a system that includes a closed-loop reference module, an adaptation module, and a control module. The closed-loop reference module is configured to execute a reference model that represents operation of an engine and determine a reference control signal and a reference state trajectory signal. The adaptation module is configured to determine an adaptation signal based on a difference between the reference state trajectory signal and an engine state trajectory signal representative of actual operation of the engine. The control module is configured to receive the reference control signal from the closed-loop reference module, the adaptation signal from the adaptation module, and the engine state trajectory signal. The control module is further configured to determine a demand signal based on the engine state trajectory signal, the adaptation signal, and the reference control signal, and output the demand signal to control operation of at least one engine component.

The system is provided to calibrate the ECU of the vehicle. The system comprises a remote computer, a central server, a local computer and setup comprising at least a dynamo meter, and at least one actuator. The dynamo meter and the actuator are interfaced and operated with the local computer. The central server is connected to the local computer by a second networking means, and a remote computer is connected to the central server by a first networking means. The remote computer, uploads instructions to the central server, executes the instructions through the local computer to operate the dynamo meter and the actuator, and calibrates the ECU of the vehicle. The instructions are downloaded to the local computer by the second networking means.

The method for controlling valve timing for a turbo engine includes: classifying control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine load; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and applying a long duration to an exhaust valve in a first control region; applying the maximum duration to the intake and applying the long duration to the exhaust valve in a second control region; applying the long duration to the exhaust valve and advancing an intake valve closing (IVC) timing in the third control region; applying a short duration to the exhaust valve and controlling the IVC timing in the fourth control region; controlling a wide open throttle valve (WOT) and applying the short duration to the exhaust valve in the fifth control region; controlling a WOT and controlling the IVC timing by applying the long duration to the exhaust valve in the sixth control region.

The method for controlling valve timing for a turbo engine includes: classifying control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine load; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and applying a long duration to an exhaust valve in a first control region; applying the maximum duration to the intake and applying the long duration to the exhaust valve in a second control region; applying the long duration to the exhaust valve and advancing an intake valve closing (IVC) timing in the third control region; applying a short duration to the exhaust valve and controlling the IVC timing in the fourth control region; controlling a wide open throttle valve (WOT) and applying the short duration to the exhaust valve in the fifth control region; controlling a WOT and controlling the IVC timing by applying the long duration to the exhaust valve in the sixth control region.

A method for controlling power takeoff (PTO) clutch engagement includes determining an output clutch speed, adjusting a clutch current at a predetermined rate, estimating an inertial load of a PTO implement and adjusting the clutch current for one or more times at a time interval, and selecting a clutch control algorithm configured for the inertial load of the PTO implement.

A method for controlling power takeoff (PTO) clutch engagement includes determining an output clutch speed, adjusting a clutch current at a predetermined rate, estimating an inertial load of a PTO implement and adjusting the clutch current for one or more times at a time interval, and selecting a clutch control algorithm configured for the inertial load of the PTO implement.

A fuel injection control device includes processing circuitry, which executes an estimating process to estimate pressure in first and second fuel storage members connected to first and second fuel injection valves. The estimating process includes: estimating the pressure in the first fuel storage member based on a detection value of a pressure sensor that detects the pressure in the first fuel storage member and a cycle of pulsation in the first fuel storage member, which is determined in accordance with an interval of fuel injections in a first bank; and estimating the pressure in the second fuel storage member by assuming that a phase of a periodic fluctuation of the pressure in the second fuel storage member and a phase of a periodic fluctuation of the pressure in the first fuel storage member are in antiphase.

Herein a hand-held power tool comprising an internal combustion engine (4) is disclosed. The hand-held power tool comprises, a working tool (6), a centrifugal clutch (8), and a control system (10). The internal combustion engine (4) has a clutch-in speed (C) above which the internal combustion engine (4) drives the working tool (6). A speed limitation controller (14), is configured to limit an engine speed at a limitation speed below the clutch-in speed (C). The control system (10) is configured to calculate an integral of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine (4), and to deactivate the speed limitation controller (14) after the integral reaches an integration limit value, such that the internal combustion engine (4) is rotatable above the limitation speed (L) to drive the working tool (6) via the centrifugal clutch (8).

Herein a hand-held power tool comprising an internal combustion engine (4) is disclosed. The hand-held power tool comprises, a working tool (6), a centrifugal clutch (8), and a control system (10). The internal combustion engine (4) has a clutch-in speed (C) above which the internal combustion engine (4) drives the working tool (6). A speed limitation controller (14), is configured to limit an engine speed at a limitation speed below the clutch-in speed (C). The control system (10) is configured to calculate an integral of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine (4), and to deactivate the speed limitation controller (14) after the integral reaches an integration limit value, such that the internal combustion engine (4) is rotatable above the limitation speed (L) to drive the working tool (6) via the centrifugal clutch (8).

A control device of an internal combustion engine, includes: a boost pressure detector to detect a boost pressure of air pressurized by a compressor of a supercharger including a turbine; and a processor configured to determine a rapid decrease in a target boost pressure; determine that an execution condition is satisfied in a case where the target boost pressure rapidly increases immediately after the rapid decrease is determined while the exhaust gas is refluxed; calculate a restriction opening control amount for an exhaust gas flow amount variable device to control a flow amount of the exhaust gas blown to the turbine so as to regulate a changing speed of an opening control amount to decrease an opening of the exhaust gas flow amount variable device when the execution condition is satisfied; and control the opening of the exhaust gas flow amount variable device according to the restriction opening control amount.