A bicycle computer for monitoring performance of a user of a bicycle includes a processing circuitry; a user interface; an attaching unit for arranging the bicycle computer in an attached position; and at least one integrated proximity sensor arranged and dimensioned to measure, in the attached position, proximity data being indicative of a distance to a body part. The processing circuitry is configured to obtain the proximity data from the at least one integrated proximity sensor and to process the proximity data into one or more cycling metric. The user interface is configured to output the one or more cycling metric.

An Internet of Thing (IoT) device includes a body with a processor, a camera and a wireless transceiver coupled to the processor.

A golf club head includes a top portion, a sole portion opposite the top portion, and a striking face configured to impact a golf ball. The striking face includes a face center and a variable thickness distribution such that the club head exhibits an Expected COR value of not less than 0.810, the Expected COR value being determined based on the following relationship

[00001]$\mathrm{Expected}.Math..Math.\mathrm{COR}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{.Math.}}.Math.\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{.Math.}}.Math.p_{\mathrm{ij}}*c_{\mathrm{ij}}$

The variable c.sub.ij corresponds to an average COR value associated with bin and the variable p.sub.ij corresponds to a bin-specific impact probability value. And the club head exhibits a characteristic time no greater than 257 microseconds.

A mixed-reality golf simulation system includes a ball-tracking sub-system to generate ball-tracking data when a golf ball is hit by a user, a near-eye display, a storage device to store images of a hole of a golf course associated with location coordinates of a plurality of locations along the hole, and a controller. The controller may direct the near-eye display to display a mixed-reality environment from the perspective of a location on the hole based on images associated with the location, receive ball-tracking data including a landing location of a ball hit by the user, alert the user if the landing location is a target pin, and direct the near-eye display to display a mixed-reality environment from the perspective of the landing location based on images associated with the landing location if the landing location is not the target pin.

An electronic device may use motion and/or activity sensors to estimate a user's maximum volumetric flow of oxygen (VO.sub.2 max). In particular, the electronic device may use the user's heart rate, speed, and grade to determine the VO.sub.2 max. However, in indoor environments, it may be difficult to accurately measure the user's speed and grade. Therefore, the device may receive the speed and grade from external equipment, such as exercise equipment. To ensure that the user is moving at the reported speed, a discordance detector may compare the user's cadence to an expected cadence based on the speed and grade reported by the external equipment. If the user's cadence is within an acceptable range of the expected cadence, the user's VO.sub.2 max may be estimated based on the speed and grade. If the user's cadence is not within the acceptable range, the speed and grade may be discarded or corrected.

Outdoors training system and methods for designing monitoring and providing feedback of training. The system comprising a computing device, I/O subsystem for permitting a user to enter at least one attribute of the training or of the trainee, a plurality of sensors for generating sensory information, an outdoors training environment in which a training activity takes place, a database containing training related information. The outdoors training system configured for at least one of the following: design a training program for a plurality of users, monitor training program performance, monitor training performance, instruct a user about the training, determine and/or set difficulty level in training apparatus.

A golf swing tracking system includes a wearable device. The wearable device has a camera, a processor and a signal transceiver. The camera is connected to the processor. The processor is in connected to the signal transceiver. The golf swing tracking system further includes an electronic device. The electronic device includes a signal receiver. The signal receiver is designed to receive a collection of data from the signal transceiver of the wearable device. The electronic device has a display and is programmed to execute an application. The application is designed to display the collection of data and to transmit the collection of data to a network, such as a social media network.

A method includes: supporting a normal operation mode during which functionalities of a portable apparatus are available through an operating system of the apparatus, wherein the operating system includes a plurality of layers including a kernel and library functions-layer; supporting a limited operation mode during which the apparatus is configured to execute a physical activity algorithm based on physical activity data corresponding to a physical activity session performed by a user of the apparatus, wherein the physical activity algorithm applies a direct low-level hardware access bypassing at least the layers above the kernel and the library functions-layer; and switching between the normal operation mode and the limited operation mode.

Systems and methods which provide a motion sensor data-driven framework for sports action recognition and/or assessment using a wearable sensor are described. A motion sensor data-driven system may provide real-time kinematical analysis to athletes engaged in active competition or training sessions under typical competition or training conditions. Analysis of motion sensor data provided according to embodiments may operate to recognize instances of one or more particular sports actions performed by an athlete and/or assess the skill of the athlete from analysis of one or more sports actions. A motion sensor data processing platform of embodiments of a motion sensor data-driven system may comprise a processor-based system configured to receive and analyze data regarding the movement of an athlete's limb reported by a wearable sensor device comprising a micro inertial measurement unit configuration for capturing and reporting data regarding the movement of an athlete's limb.

A sports swing training device is attachable to a sports striking-object, such as a golf club, tennis racket, or baseball bat, and uses multiple motion sensors, including accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, in conjunction with one or more microprocessors and device displays, to measure and display various swing metrics and to project flight patterns resulting from each swing. Swing data are displayed in graphic and/or indicia format, on the device's displays and are wirelessly transmitted to the displays of one or more external devices, such as smart phones or tablet computers. The projected flight patterns reveal flaws in the swing so as to promote corrective adjustments by the athlete.