A screen baseball system includes: a screen portion arranged in front of a batter's box and having a pitching hole allowing a pitched ball to pass therethrough; a ball pitching device arranged behind the screen portion to pitch a ball toward the batter's box through the pitching hole; and a hole opening/closing device configured to operate to close the pitching hole when the ball pitching device does not pitch the ball and to open the pitching hole when the ball pitching device pitches the ball.

A golf instruction method, apparatus and analytics platform for determining the state of a putted golf ball relative to a target using information about the golf ball and external variables and remotely displaying the same comprising a base unit, a mobile device or terminal, and an associated computer program including an analytics engine for analyzing a user's performance. The computer program determines whether and how a putted golf ball has missed said target and then stores, aggregates and displays that information for a user. The analytics engine is operable to aggregate data, analyze data and then correlate a user's actual skill proficiency to ball performance.

A balance and/or gait perturbation system is disclosed herein. The balance and/or gait perturbation system includes a balance and/or gait perturbation device, at least one visual display device having an output screen, and one or more data processing devices. The one or more data processing devices are operatively coupled to the balance and/or gait perturbation device and the at least one visual display device, the one or more data processing devices are configured to generate a stochastic signal for controlling a display parameter of one or more scenes on the output screen of the at least one visual display device, and the one or more data processing devices are further configured to display the one or more scenes on the output screen of the at least one visual display device using the stochastic signal such that the one or more scenes perturb a balance and/or gait of the person.

A pedal system for tracking use of a cycle style exercise device. The pedal system includes a pedal with a shaft for coupling to the pedal crank of the exercise device and a housing that is rotatable about the shaft. An accelerometer positioned in the housing is configured to provide data about the movement of the pedal to a microcontroller. A wireless communication chip positioned in the housing is used to transmit the data about the movement of the pedal to a remote device via the wireless communication chip. The remote device is programmed to receive, display and track the data about the movement of the pedal.

A system for sensor-based tracking of participants of a sporting activity is provided. In some implementations, the system performs operations comprising determining, based on sensor data (e.g., information indicative of at least a location of a plurality of tracked participants and a location of a tracked object), a first probability of a team successfully scoring. The operations further comprise determining, in response to detecting an action which at least changes the location of the tracked object, a second probability of the team (or an opposing team( successfully scoring, and assigning, based on a difference between the first probability and the second probability, at least a portion of the difference among one or more of the plurality of participants. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.

A virtual reality baseball system uses a virtual reality device to present a simulated pitch to a batter. The system also includes sensors that are attached to a bat, and optionally external sensors, that sense movement of the bat. The system will generate and present a simulated pitch from a selected pitcher. The simulated pitch simulates attributes of a pitch of the selected pitcher that correspond to a particular batting simulation scenario. The sensors are configured to track movement of bat when a user swings at the simulated pitch.

A virtual reality baseball system uses a virtual reality device to present a simulated pitch to a batter. The system may include a bat mount configured to be removably secured to a bat. The bat and/or bat mount may include a sensor. The bat mount is configured to be attached to a knob of the bat such that it is not intrusive to a swing of the bat. A sensing device is configured to track movement of the sensor in the bat mount when the bat mount is secured to the bat.

A method of manufacturing a golf club head includes: (a) providing a model of a golf club head, the model including a striking face portion and a first plurality of structural attributes; (b) generating first data comprising relationship information between locations about the striking face and predicted coefficient of restitution or characteristic time values based on modeled golf ball impact; (c) providing second data comprising relationship information between generalized striking face position and impact probability; (d) calculating a first expected overall performance value based on the first data and the second data; (e) modifying the first plurality of structural attributes based on the first expected overall performance value, resulting in a second plurality of structural attributes different from the first plurality of structural attributes; and (f) forming a golf club head having club head structural attributes corresponding to the second plurality of structural attributes of the model.

A golf club head having a striking face configured to impact a golf ball comprises the striking face comprising an effective striking area, the effective striking area having an expected COR value, defined by the following expression, not less than 0.810,

[00001]$\mathrm{Expected}.Math..Math.\mathrm{COR}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{.Math.}}.Math.\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{.Math.}}.Math.p_{\mathrm{ij}}*c_{\mathrm{ij}}$

wherein p.sub.ij is an impact probability at location or region (i, j) within the effective striking area, and c.sub.ij is a COR value of the location or region (i, j).

An athletic performance monitoring system, for motivating a user to reach a goal level of athletic activity. The system may motivate the user by calculation a deficit between a current total level of activity and the goal level of athletic activity, and suggesting activity types that the user may carry out an order to reach the goal level, wherein the suggested activity types may be based on activities that are geographically close to the user, or sporting equipment worn by, or in possession of, the user.