Provided is an engine control device that can suppress an increase in PM/PN in an engine that performs a catalyst warm-up mode. To do so, the engine control device according to the present invention synchronously controls ignition timing and an actual compression ratio of the engine in the catalyst warm-up mode.

An electric car draws lots of power that needs to be on board the moving vehicle. An adaptive power supply can combine a variety of sources of electrical energywhich may include an internal combustion engineand use those different sources to efficiently produce the electrical power required. An adaptive power supply provides optimal performance by sensing changing conditions, often hundreds of times per second, and then adapting itself to those conditions in order to optimize efficiency at each particular instant during a car's operation. Those conditions may include changes in user inputs, machine operating conditions, and machine operating parameters. Having multiple sources of electrical power allows effective control of more independent power parameters, enabling greater freedom to adapt to optimize efficiency. That gives adaptive power supplies that are cheaper, smaller, lighter, more powerful, and more efficient than conventional designs.

A method for operating an engine system is provided, the method may include varying a compression ratio of a cylinder by selectively releasing combustion charge from the cylinder through a cylinder bleed valve of a cylinder head, the cylinder bleed valve coupled to a bleed manifold with a turbine-generator, and varying combustion charge flow through a turbine-generator bypass conduit bypassing the turbine-generator based on engine operating conditions. In this way, the compression ratio may be varied by selectively bleeding combustion charge from the cylinder based on engine operating conditions to promote better engine performance. Additionally, the combustion charge bleed from the cylinder can routed around a turbine-generator to increase combustion efficiency during certain operating conditions, such as during start-up, to further improve engine performance.

A control apparatus for an engine, the control apparatus includes an ECU. The ECU is configured to: calculate a normalized intake pressure; calculate a pumping loss torque based on the normalized intake pressure; calculate a first value or a value of a linear function as the normalized intake pressure, the first value is obtained by dividing the intake pressure by the atmospheric pressure; calculate the output value based on the normalized intake pressure and a relational data that associate a normalized output value with the normalized intake pressure; the output value is one of a second value obtained by dividing the pumping loss torque by the atmospheric pressure, a normalized pumping loss torque, a third value obtained by dividing an exhaust pressure by the atmospheric pressure, and a normalized exhaust pressure; and calculate one of the pumping loss torque and the exhaust pressure.

A method for starting a compression ignition engine having at least one cylinder with a reciprocating piston located therein, an intake valve configured to control the intake of air to an intake port of the cylinder and an exhaust valve configured to control the expulsion of gas from an exhaust port of the cylinder. The method includes the steps of: cranking the engine, conditioning intake air at the intake port of the cylinder to raise the temperature of air in the cylinder, controlling a valve timing the intake valve and/or the exhaust valve to allow the piston to compress the air within the cylinder, thereby increasing the temperature of the air within the cylinder, and injecting fuel into the cylinder when the air within the cylinder has been heated to a temperature sufficient to support compression ignition of a gasoline and air mixture within the cylinder.

A method for realizing a variable compression ratio and a variable air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine includes the following steps of: dividing an air intake volume in a cylinder into a first air intake volume and a second air intake volume, designing a compression ratio according to the first air intake volume and opening a throttle to enable the air intake volume to reach the first air intake volume; increasing the opening of the throttle to increase an air inflow to enable the second air intake volume to start intake, and correcting, by an electronic control unit, a duration of ignition in real time according to a detonation signal fed back by a knock sensor, and controlling a fuel-injection quantity in real time to ensure the compression density required by combustion of a lean fuel air mixture.