A machine having a cylinder, the configuration of the machine being such that a body portion of a piston of the machine periodically engages an inner surface of the cylinder during operation of the machine, this engagement defining a contact zone between the body portion of the piston and the inner surface of the cylinder, the inner surface of the cylinder having an enhanced bearing region comprising one or more recesses indented into the inner surface, the enhanced bearing region being smaller than the inner surface of the cylinder and being substantially centered on the contact zone.

A reciprocating machine incitides a cylinder including an internal cylinder wail, a piston movable in the cylinder between a top position and a. bottom position, the piston, comprising an upper ring pack and a lower ring pack disposed around a circumference of the piston and spaced from each other by a first distance, and a circumferential collector groove in the cylinder wall in a position that is above the lower ring pack when the piston is in the top position and that is below the upper ring pack when the piston is in the bottom position, the collector groove including at least one hole eonneciabie to a conduit for comieciion to a sump. A helical groove can also be provided in the cylinder wall.

A reciprocating machine incitides a cylinder including an internal cylinder wail, a piston movable in the cylinder between a top position and a. bottom position, the piston, comprising an upper ring pack and a lower ring pack disposed around a circumference of the piston and spaced from each other by a first distance, and a circumferential collector groove in the cylinder wall in a position that is above the lower ring pack when the piston is in the top position and that is below the upper ring pack when the piston is in the bottom position, the collector groove including at least one hole eonneciabie to a conduit for comieciion to a sump. A helical groove can also be provided in the cylinder wall.

A lubrication structure of an internal combustion engine is provided according to the present application and configured to lubricate a large particle between components of each of friction pairs of the internal combustion engine. The lubrication structure includes several microstructural bodies being capable of entering into a clearance between the components of each of the friction pairs. Under the action of the microstructural bodies, a plastic deformation of surfaces of each of the friction pairs caused by the large particle can be avoided, thereby, wear of components of the internal combustion engine is decreased, the service life of the internal combustion engine is increased, a load and fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine are decreased, and pollution of the internal combustion engine is reduced.

A cylinder liner for an internal combustion engine may include a hollow cylindrical body. The body may include an internal surface having a longitudinal/axial length. The internal surface may be divided into at least two portions along the longitudinal/axial length. The at least two portions may respectively include a specific value of roughness and a predefined length.

A cylinder block is provided. The cylinder block includes a cylinder, two crankshaft supports at a bottom of the cylinder block, a cylinder head engaging surface at a top of the cylinder block, and first and second exterior sidewalls, the first exterior sidewall extending from the cylinder head engaging surface to a first structural frame engaging surface positioned above a centerline of the two crankshaft supports.

A method of improving the reflectivity of a surface of an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine having a cylindrical or non-cylindrical internal wall of an internal combustion chamber in which one or more pistons move and in which combustion occurs. The method comprises polishing a surface of the internal combustion chamber, the surface during use of the internal combustion engine exposed to combustion, said polishing effective to increase a reflectivity of the surface. The surface may include a first zone not traversed by the one or more pistons and polished in a first manner (pressure, time, electrical current density or voltage) to yield a first reflectivity and a second zone traversed by the one or more pistons polished in a different manner and yielding a second reflectivity.

A method of improving the reflectivity of a surface of an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine having a cylindrical or non-cylindrical internal wall of an internal combustion chamber in which one or more pistons move and in which combustion occurs. The method comprises polishing a surface of the internal combustion chamber, the surface during use of the internal combustion engine exposed to combustion, said polishing effective to increase a reflectivity of the surface. The surface may include a first zone not traversed by the one or more pistons and polished in a first manner (pressure, time, electrical current density or voltage) to yield a first reflectivity and a second zone traversed by the one or more pistons polished in a different manner and yielding a second reflectivity.

A cylinder for an internal combustion engine may include a metallic cylinder body and an amorphous diamond-like hard carbon film disposed on an internal peripheral surface of the cylinder body. The amorphous diamond-like carbon film may include a roughness ranging from Rz 0.5 m to Rz 4.0 m.

A cylinder for an internal combustion engine may include a metallic cylinder body and an amorphous diamond-like hard carbon film disposed on an internal peripheral surface of the cylinder body. The amorphous diamond-like carbon film may include a roughness ranging from Rz 0.5 m to Rz 4.0 m.